Table 1
The results of Mendelian randomization analyses.
| EXPOSURE | METHOD | N SNP | β | SE | OR (95%CI) | p-VAL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SA | MR Egger | 21 | 0.107 | 0.053 | 1.112 (1.002,1.235) | 0.060 |
| SA | Weighted median | 21 | 0.068 | 0.056 | 1.070 (0.958,1.195) | 0.231 |
| SA | IVW | 21 | 0.091 | 0.041 | 1.095 (1.012,1.186) | 0.025 |
| SA | Simple mode | 21 | 0.032 | 0.100 | 1.032 (0.849,1.255) | 0.755 |
| SA | Weighted mode | 21 | 0.029 | 0.088 | 1.029 (0.866,1.224) | 0.746 |
[i] SA, spontaneous abortion; IVW, inverse variance weighted model; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphisms; SE, standard error.
Table 2
The results of heterogeneity and pleiotropy test.
| EXPOSURE | OUTCOME | METHOD | HETEROGENEITY TEST | PLEIOTROPY TEST | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COCHRAN’S Q | Q_df | Q_p VAL | EGGER_INTERCEPT | SE | p VAL | |||
| SA | MI | MR Egger | 18.348 | 19 | 0.499 | –0.004 | 0.0089 | 0.656 |
| SA | MI | IVW | 18.553 | 20 | 0.551 | |||
[i] SA, spontaneous abortion; MI, myocardial infarction; IVM, inverse variance weighted model; SE, standard error.
Figure 1
Causal effects for SA on the risk of MI by MR analyses.
(A) Forest plots of MR analyses. IVW method demonstrated a causal association between SA and MI. (B) MR leave–one–out sensitivity analysis for SA on MI. LOO analysis revealed that the results were similar to IVW analysis, suggesting strong data reliability.
Figure 2
Expression levels of the genes associated with SNPs between MI and health control groups. 3 DEGs were identified between MI and healthy controls.
Figure 3
KEGG-ssGSEA results of GNAQ, ELP3, and TES gene.
Figure 4
Analysis of the role of key genes in MI immune microenvironment.
(A) The expression abundance of 28 types of immune cells in MI and health control groups. (B) The heatmap of the correlation between the key genes and immune cells. (C) The scores of 13 immune pathways in MI and health control groups. (D) The heatmap of the correlation between the key genes and 13 immune pathways.
*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ns: not significant.
Figure 5
The immune characteristics associated with the key genes.
(A) The expression levels of MHC genes in MI and health control groups. (B) The heatmap of the correlation between the key genes and MHC genes. (C) The expression levels of immunity inhibitors genes in MI and health control groups. (D) The heatmap of the correlation between the key genes and the immunity inhibitors. (E) The expression levels of immunoactivator genes in MI and health control groups. (F) The heatmap of the correlation between the key genes and the immunoactivator.