Table 1
Patient characteristics at discharge.
| NONE-BC | BC | P-VALUE | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 832 | n = 103 | ||
| Male, n (%) | 485 (58.3) | 46 (44.7) | 0.009 |
| NYHA2/3/4 | 96/329/407 | 15/41/47 | 0.65 |
| Age, years old | 73.4 ± 14.7 | 80.0 ± 12.0 | <0.0001 |
| History of hospitalisation for HF, n (%) | 149 (17.9) | 32 (31.1) | 0.003 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 342 (41.1) | 53 (51.5) | 0.047 |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 171 (20.6) | 18 (17.5) | 0.46 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 542 (65.1) | 67 (65.1) | 0.98 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 250 (30.1) | 25 (24.3) | 0.22 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 283 (34.0) | 31 (30.1) | 0.42 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 113.0 ± 17.6 | 114.8 ± 18.9 | 0.43 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 65.6 ± 12.2 | 62.3 ± 12.2 | 0.049 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 76.6 ± 16.0 | 73.1 ± 14.5 | 0.10 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.10 ± 0.68 | 1.13 ± 0.57 | 0.70 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 56.2 ± 23.9 | 50.8 ± 24.1 | 0.03 |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 138.4 ± 3.7 | 138.2 ± 4.4 | 0.78 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 411.5 ± 448.6 | 464.1 ± 413.5 | 0.33 |
| White blood cell,/μL | 6275.0 ± 1926.3 | 3933.7 ± 1628.8 | <0.0001 |
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 12.6 ± 2.4 | 10.2 ± 1.2 | <0.0001 |
| Platelet, 104/dL | 23.3 ± 8.8 | 15.5 ± 7.1 | <0.0001 |
| LVEF, % | 42.4 ± 15.8 | 48.1 ± 16.1 | 0.0008 |
| HF preserved EF, n (%) | 276 (33.1) | 51 (49.5) | 0.001 |
| Medication at discharge | |||
| β-Blockers, n (%) | 612 (73.6) | 62 (60.2) | 0.005 |
| ACEI/ARBs, n (%) | 602 (72.4) | 58 (56.3) | 0.001 |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, n (%) | 515 (61.9) | 62 (60.2) | 0.74 |
| Loop diuretics, n (%) | 556 (66.8) | 79 (77.7) | 0.04 |
[i] ACEI, angiotensin-coenzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; EF, ejection fraction; GFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; LV, left ventricular; NYHA, New York Heart Association.
Figure 1
(a) Kaplan–Meier curves of all-cause mortality, (b) Kaplan–Meier curves of the time to first event (cardiovascular mortality and hospitalisation for HF).
Table 2
Patient characteristics after propensity score matching.
| NONE-BC GROUP | BC GROUP | P-VALUE | SD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 63 | n = 63 | |||
| Age, years old | 76.9 ± 10.1 | 78.5 ± 11.9 | 0.439 | 0.1383 |
| Male, n (%) | 27 (42.9) | 28 (44.4) | 0.857 | 0.032 |
| NYHA2/3/4, n | 6/22/35 | 7/28/28 | 0.454 | 0.052 |
| History of hospitalisation for HF, n (%) | 21 (33.3) | 20 (31.8) | 0.849 | 0.034 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 32 (50.8) | 32 (50.8) | 1.00 | 0 |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 12 (19.1) | 11 (17.5) | 0.818 | 0.041 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 47 (74.6) | 38 (60.3) | 0.086 | 0.310 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 17 (27.0) | 16 (25.4) | 0.839 | 0.036 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 27 (42.9) | 17 (27.0) | 0.061 | 0.338 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 117.0 ± 19.1 | 112.3 ± 20.3 | 0.332 | 0.236 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 64.7 ± 11.4 | 61.4 ± 12.2 | 0.254 | 0.277 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 78.6 ± 14.6 | 70.2 ± 10.4 | 0.008 | 0.239 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.26 ± 0.88 | 1.20 ± 0.60 | 0.646 | 0.082 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 48.2 ± 22.1 | 47.8 ± 23.4 | 0.928 | 0.016 |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 139.2 ± 3.8 | 138.0 ± 3.9 | 0.083 | 0.311 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 498.9 ± 546.0 | 491.2 ± 435.7 | 0.931 | 0.016 |
| White blood cell,/μL | 6155.4 ± 2250.6 | 3995.1 ± 1813.1 | <0.0001 | 1.057 |
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 10.3 ± 1.4 | 10.3 ± 1.1 | 0.783 | 0.049 |
| Platelet, 104/μL | 23.5 ± 11.5 | 15.5 ± 7.1 | <0.0001 | 0.829 |
| LVEF, % | 46.8 ± 16.4 | 46.7 ± 15.6 | 0.978 | 0.005 |
| HF preserved EF, n (%) | 34 (54.0) | 34 (54.0) | 1 | 0 |
| Medication at discharge | ||||
| β-Blockers, n (%) | 47 (74.6) | 44 (69.8) | 0.55 | 0.106 |
| ACEI/ARBs, n (%) | 45 (71.4) | 36 (57.1) | 0.093 | 0.302 |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, n (%) | 42 (66.7) | 37 (58.7) | 0.357 | 0.165 |
| Loop diuretics, n (%) | 47 (74.6) | 50 (79.4) | 0.525 | 0.114 |
[i] The propensity matching included age, sex, atrial fibrillation, history of hospitalization for HF, haemoglobin levels at discharge, eGFR at discharge, BNP levels at discharge, LVEF, and the prescription of β-blockers and angiotensin-coenzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers at discharge.
ACE, angiotensin-coenzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; EF, ejection fraction; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; LV, left ventricular: NYHA, New York Heart Association.
Figure 2
(a) Kaplan–Meier curves of all-cause mortality after propensity score matching, (b) Kaplan–Meier curves of the time to first event (cardiovascular mortality and hospitalisation for HF) after propensity score matching.
Table 3
The Cox proportional-hazards model of bicytopenia for all-cause mortality and composite endpoint of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization of HF (adjusted propensity score).
| HAZARD RATIO | 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL | P-VALUE | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause mortality | 1.931 | 1.251 | 2.982 | 0.003 |
| Composite endpoint | 1.308 | 0.818 | 2.093 | 0.263 |
Table 4
Univariate and multivariate cox proportional hazard models for all-cause mortality.
| UNIVARIATE COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARD ANALYSIS | MULTIVARIATE COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARD ANALYSIS | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95%CI | P | HR | 95%CI | P | |||
| Bicytopenia | 2.523 | 1.791 | 3.553 | <0.0001 | 1.983 | 1.008 | 3.898 | 0.047 |
| Male | 1.008 | 0.766 | 1.326 | 0.957 | 1.668 | 1.022 | 2.725 | 0.041 |
| NYHA 3 (reference 2) | 0.949 | 0.597 | 1.509 | 0.825 | ||||
| NYHA 4 (reference 2) | 1.143 | 0.729 | 1.793 | 0.56 | ||||
| Age | 1.067 | 1.053 | 1.083 | <0.0001 | 1.069 | 1.041 | 1.097 | <0.0001 |
| History of hospitalisation for HF | 1.889 | 1.402 | 2.544 | <0.0001 | 0.927 | 0.527 | 1.629 | 0.792 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.226 | 0.935 | 1.609 | 0.14 | ||||
| Myocardial infarction | 1.661 | 1.234 | 2.237 | 0.001 | 1.306 | 0.764 | 2.232 | 0.33 |
| Hypertension | 1.01 | 0.76 | 1.341 | 0.947 | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.036 | 0.775 | 1.384 | 0.811 | ||||
| Hyperlipidaemia | 1.09 | 0.827 | 1.438 | 0.541 | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure | 0.999 | 0.988 | 1.009 | 0.86 | ||||
| Diastolic blood pressure | 0.965 | 0.948 | 0.982 | <0.0001 | 0.988 | 0.971 | 1.006 | 0.185 |
| Heart rate | 1.005 | 0.992 | 1.017 | 0.451 | ||||
| Creatinine | 1.256 | 1.08 | 1.428 | 0.004 | ||||
| eGFR | 0.986 | 0.979 | 0.992 | <0.0001 | 0.999 | 0.986 | 1.001 | 0.824 |
| Sodium | 0.969 | 0.935 | 1.007 | 0.104 | ||||
| BNP | 1.0003 | 1.00005 | 1.0006 | 0.022 | 1 | 0.999 | 1.001 | 0.085 |
| White blood cell μ/L | 0.999 | 0.999 | 1 | 0.802 | ||||
| Haemoglobin | 0.783 | 0.734 | 0.833 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Platelet | 0.985 | 0.968 | 1.002 | 0.09 | ||||
| LVEF | 1.011 | 1.002 | 1.019 | 0.015 | 0.992 | 0.975 | 1.009 | 0.366 |
| HF preserved EF | 1.287 | 0.972 | 1.704 | 0.081 | ||||
| β-Blockers | 0.584 | 0.44 | 0.774 | 0.0002 | 1.07 | 0.554 | 2.064 | 0.841 |
| ACEI/ARBs | 0.631 | 0.476 | 0.837 | 0.0014 | 1.045 | 0.591 | 1.846 | 0.88 |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists | 0.722 | 0.55 | 0.947 | 0.019 | 0.731 | 0.454 | 1.177 | 0.197 |
| Loop diuretics | 1.191 | 0.882 | 1.608 | 0.254 | ||||
[i] The variables fitted in the multivariate analysis included age, sex, history of HF admission, prior myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), BNP at discharge, and a prescription of β-blockers, angiotensin-coenzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist at discharge.
ACEI, angiotensin-coenzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; EF, ejection fraction; GFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; LV, left ventricular; NYHA, New York Heart Association.