Supplemental Table 1
Baseline demographic characteristics and outcome measurements of 144 adults with and without Schistosoma mansoni infection.
| DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS | ||
|---|---|---|
| CHARACTERISTIC n (%) OR MEAN (SD) | SCHISTOSOME-INFECTED (n = 61) | SCHISTOSOME-UNINFECTED (n = 83) |
| Age (years) | 31.6 (8.4) | 34.5 (10.0) |
| Sex (female) | 22 (36.1%) | 43 (51.8%) |
| Marital status | ||
| Single | 12 (19.7%) | 15 (18.1%) |
| Married | 40 (65.6%) | 50 (60.2%) |
| Other | 9 (14.8%) | 18 (21.7%) |
| Years attended school | 7.6 (2.6) | 8.2 (2.9) |
| Past schistosome treatment | 16 (26.2%) | 17 (20.5%) |
| Vigorous exercise per week (min) | 4082 (1000) | 4122 (1161) |
| Active tobacco use | 12 (19.7%) | 9 (10.8%) |
| Active alcohol use | 12 (19.7%) | 17 (20.5%) |
| OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS | ||
| CHARACTERISTIC n (%) OR MEAN (SD; RANGE) | SCHISTOSOME-INFECTED (n = 61) | SCHISTOSOME-UNINFECTED (n = 83) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.7 (4.5; 15.5–44.1) | 23.7 (5.6; 15.5–44.6) |
| Body mass index categories | ||
| <18.5 | 9 (14.8%) | 11 (13.3%) |
| ≥18.5 and <25 | 44 (72.1%) | 44 (53.0%) |
| ≥25 and <30 | 4 (6.6%) | 19 (22.9%) |
| ≥30 | 4 (6.6%) | 9 (10.8%) |
| Leptin (µg/mL) | 3.9 (6.4; 0.04–29.3) | 2.9 (4.7; 0.01–26.3) |
| Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 15.8 (19.2; 0.4–114.1) | 15.8 (16.0; 0.6–74.4) |
| Adiponectin-to-leptin ratio | 56.6 (128.2; 0.3–737.5) | 94.4 (303.1; 0.2–2394.1) |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 3.7 (1.2; 2.0–9.0) | 4.2 (3.7; 1.0–33.0) |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 5.3 (0.9; 4.0–8.0) | 6.2 (8.0; 3.0–78.0) |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | 7.0 (3.7; 3.0–22.0) | 7.6 (6.3; 2.0–44.5) |
| IFN-γ (pg/mL) | 4.8 (4.5; 0–26.6) | 7.8 (10.6; 0–89.8) |
| IL-18 (pg/mL) | 53.2 (38.9; 2.7–227.4) | 68.5 (50.0; 2.7–280.0) |
[i] IL, interleukin; IFN-γ, interferon-gamma; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
Table 1
Association between adipocytokines and Schistosoma mansoni Infection status in 144 adults.
| ADIPOCYTOKINE | UNADJUSTED (COEFFICIENT (95% CI), p-VALUE) | ADJUSTED FOR AGE AND SEX (COEFFICIENT (95% CI), p-VALUE) |
|---|---|---|
| Leptin | 1.0 (–0.8, 2.9), p = 0.26 | 1.3 (–0.6, 3.2), p = 0.17 |
| Adiponectin | 0.06 (–5.8, 5.9), p = 0.98 | –0.4 (–6.5, 5.6), p = 0.88 |
| Adiponectin-to-leptin ratio | –37.8 (–119.7, 44.1), p = 0.36 | –41.5 (–125.1, 42.2), p = 0.33 |
| IL-6 | –0.5 (–1.5, 0.5), p = 0.30 | –0.4 (–1.4, 0.6), p = 0.46 |
| TNF-α | –0.8 (–2.9, 1.2), p = 0.42 | –0.6 (–2.7, 1.5), p = 0.57 |
| IL-10 | –0.6 (–2.4, 1.2), p = 0.54 | –0.6 (–2.4, 1.3), p = 0.55 |
| IFN-γ | –2.9 (–5.8, –0.1), p = 0.044 | –3.0 (–5.9, –0.03), p = 0.048 |
| IL-18 | –15.3 (–30.5, –0.1), p = 0.049 | –17.1 (–32.8, –1.5), p = 0.032 |
[i] CI, confidence interval; IL, interleukin; IFN-γ, interferon-gamma; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
Supplemental Table 2
Association between adipocytokines and BMI in 144 adults.
| ADIPOCYTOKINE | UNADJUSTED (COEFFICIENT (95% CI), p-VALUE) | ADJUSTED FOR AGE AND SEX (COEFFICIENT (95% CI), p-VALUE) |
|---|---|---|
| Leptin | 0.1 (–0.1, 0.3), p = 0.19 | 0.1 (–0.1, 0.2), p = 0.25 |
| Adiponectin | –0.02 (–0.07, 0.03), p = 0.43 | –0.01 (–0.06, 0.04), p = 0.64 |
| Adiponectin-to-leptin ratio | –0.0003 (–0.004, 0.003), p = 0.86 | 0.0002 (–0.003, 0.004), p = 0.92 |
| IL-6 | 0.1 (–0.2, 0.4), p = 0.33 | 0.08 (–0.2, 0.4), p = 0.57 |
| TNF-α | 0.06 (–0.08, 0.2), p = 0.38 | 0.04 (–0.1, 0.2), p = 0.53 |
| IL-10 | –0.03 (–0.2, 0.1), p = 0.76 | –0.02 (–0.2, 0.1), p = 0.78 |
| IFN-γ | 0.008 (–0.1, 0.1), p = 0.88 | 0.005 (–0.1, 0.1), p = 0.92 |
| IL-18 | 0.005 (–0.01, 0.02), p = 0.57 | 0.007 (–0.01, 0.03), p = 0.43 |
[i] BMI, body mass index; IL, interleukin; IFN-γ, interferon-gamma; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.