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The Polypill (Acetyl Salicylic Acid, Atorvastatin, and Ramipril) Paradigm Shift in Secondary Prevention: Global Expert Delphi Consensus Cover

The Polypill (Acetyl Salicylic Acid, Atorvastatin, and Ramipril) Paradigm Shift in Secondary Prevention: Global Expert Delphi Consensus

Open Access
|Sep 2025

Figures & Tables

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Figure 1

Radar chart: summary of agreement on aspects related to the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of the cardiovascular polypill. Cardiovascular polypill developed by the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovascualres (CNIC), also known as CNIC-polypill. This polypill contains acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg), atorvastatin (20 or 40 mg), and ramipril (2.5, 5, or 10 mg) and available in 23 countries as Trinomia®, Sincronium®, or Iltria®. CHD: coronary heart disease, CVD: cardiovascular disease, MACE: major adverse cardiovascular event, RRR: relative risk reduction.

Figure 2

Radar chart: summary of agreement on aspects related to the implementation of the cardiovascular polypill at hospital discharge. Cardiovascular polypill developed by the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovascualres (CNIC), also known as CNIC-polypill. This polypill contains acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg), atorvastatin (20 or 40 mg), and ramipril (2.5, 5, or 10 mg) and available in 23 countries as Trinomia®, Sincronium®, or Iltria®.

Table 1

Percentage of panelists ranking of importance of objectives to be accomplished for recommending the cardiovascular polypill on hospital discharge.

STATEMENTRANK 1 (MOST IMPORTANT, SCORES 1 AND 2)*RANK 2 (NEUTRAL, SCORE 3)*RANK 3 (LEAST IMPORTANT, SCORES 4 AND 5)*
#21What is the level of importance of the following objectives of the cardiovascular polypill treatment recommended for CHD secondary prevention patients on hospital discharge?
Please assign the level of importance to each of the objectives on a scale from 1 to 5. 1 = the most important and 5 = the least important.
To reduce the relative risk of acute myocardial infarction or stroke82.3%0.0%17.7%
To reduce the relative risk of cardiovascular death82.3%5.9%11.8%
To increase treatment adherence82.3%0.0%17.6%
To control CVD risk factors79.4%0.0%20.6%
To reduce polypharmacy/treatment burden79.4%2.9%17.7%
To increase treatment satisfaction67.7%11.8%20.6%
To reduce treatment cost64.6%26.5%8.8%
To increase safety55.9%23.5%20.6%

[i] Note: Neutral responses are shown for transparency. The ‘neutral’ column reflects participants who rated the statement as moderately important (score 3 in a 1 to 5 scale). A 0.0% indicates clear agreement (e.g., ‘to reduce risk of MI or stroke’); a higher percentage suggests varying stakeholder views and greater ambivalence about the importance of that statement (e.g., ‘to reduce treatment cost’). Consider all three columns together to assess the level of agreement.

Cardiovascular polypill developed by the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovascualres (CNIC), also known as CNIC-polypill. This polypill contains acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg), atorvastatin (20 or 40 mg), and ramipril (2.5, 5, or 10 mg) and available in 23 countries as Trinomia®, Sincronium®, or Iltria®.

*Calculation based on 34 valid answers.

CHD, coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease.

Table 2

Percentage of panelists ranking factors for the success of the cardiovascular polypill treatment after hospital discharge.

STATEMENTRANK 1 (MOST IMPORTANT, SCORES 1 AND 2)*RANK 2 (NEUTRAL, SCORE 3)*RANK 3 (LEAST IMPORTANT, SCORES 4 AND 5)*
#29In your view, how important are the following factors for the success of the ‘at home’ cardiovascular polypill treatment after hospital discharge of secondary prevention patients with CHD? Please enter a number to indicate the importance of each factor on a scale from 1 to 5. 1 = the most important and 5 = the least important factor.
Effective doctor–patient communication100.0%0.0%0.0%
Willingness to persist on medication94.6%2.7%2.7%
Access to medications88.6%11.4%0.0%
Satisfactory doctor–patient relationship86.5%13.5%0.0%
Patient’s knowledge of the treatment83.3%11.1%5.6%
Patient capacity to manage polypharmacy post-discharge83.3%8.3%8.3%
Patient’s knowledge of the disease82.9%5.7%11.5%
Patient medication-taking habits81.1%13.5%5.4%
Social/family support80.0%11.4%8.6%
Financial capacity75.0%22.2%2.8%

[i] Note: Neutral responses are shown for transparency. The ‘neutral’ column reflects participants who rated the statement as moderately important (score 3 in a 1 to 5 scale). A 0.0% indicates clear agreement (e.g., ‘to reduce risk of MI or stroke’); a higher percentage suggests varying stakeholder views and greater ambivalence about the importance of that statement (e.g., ‘to reduce treatment cost’). Consider all three columns together to assess the level of agreement.

Cardiovascular polypill developed by the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovascualres (CNIC), also known as CNIC-polypill. This polypill contains acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg), atorvastatin (20 or 40 mg), and ramipril (2.5, 5, or 10 mg) and available in 23 countries as Trinomia®, Sincronium®, or Iltria®.

*Calculation based on 37 valid answers.

CHD, coronary heart disease.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.1466 | Journal eISSN: 2211-8179
Language: English
Submitted on: Apr 25, 2025
Accepted on: Aug 26, 2025
Published on: Sep 24, 2025
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2025 Daniel Piñeiro, José Ramón González-Juanatey, Ana Abreu, Enrique Gómez Alvarez, Carlos Ponte-Negretti, Burkhard Weisser, Alexander Parkhomenko, Francisco Araújo, Alvaro Sosa-Liprandi, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.