Heterogeneity in Trajectories of Systolic Blood Pressure among Young Adults in Qingdao Port Cardiovascular Health Study

Haiqun Lin; Meiping Cui; Erica S. Spatz; Yongfei Wang; Jiapeng Lu; Jing Li; Shuxia Li; Chenxi Huang; Xiancheng Liu; Lixin Jiang; Harlan M. Krumholz; Xiao Xu

doi:10.5334/gh.764

Heterogeneity in Trajectories of Systolic Blood Pressure among Young Adults in Qingdao Port Cardiovascular Health Study

Volume 15 (2020): Issue 1

By: Haiqun Lin, Meiping Cui, Erica S. Spatz, Yongfei Wang, Jiapeng Lu, Jing Li, Shuxia Li, Chenxi Huang, Xiancheng Liu, Lixin Jiang, Harlan M. Krumholz and Xiao Xu

Open Access

|Mar 2020

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Sample baseline characteristics.

Baseline Variable	All (N = 12468)	Stratum 1 (N = 5257)	Stratum 2 (N = 5861)	Stratum 3 (N = 1350)	p-value
Age (year)	26.4 (4.7)	26.0 (4.6)	26.7 (4.7)	26.2 (4.9)	<0.0001
Male %	83.7	70.9	92.2	97.1	<0.0001
High school graduation %	38.8	41.3	38.5	30.4	<0.0001
Married %	26.4	26.3	26.7	26.0	0.874
Family history of CVD %	19.1	18.0	19.8	24.4	<0.0001
BMI	23.1 (3.7)	21.8 (3.2)	23.7 (3.5)	25.5 (4.1)	<0.0001
Waist circumference (inch)	31.4 (4.8)	29.8 (3.6)	29.8 (3.6)	29.8 (3.6)	<0.0001
High fruit/vegetable intake %	17.9	18.1	18.2	16.0	0.284
SBP	116.2 (13.4)	104.1 (6.6)	121.3 (5.1)	140.7 (8.9)	<0.0001
DBP	75.3 (9.8)	69.4 (7.1)	77.9 (7.8)	86.5 (11.3)	<0.0001
PP	40.9 (9.8)	34.7 (6.7)	43.3 (7.5)	54.2 (10.5)	<0.0001
Smoking %	29.7	25.8	32.6	32.7	<0.0001
Having diabetes %	0.10	0.04	0.12	0.30	0.0122
Having hyperlipidemia %	20.4	14.4	22.8	33.6	<0.0001
Having heart disease %	0.17	0.04	0.19	0.59	<0.0001
Anti-hypertensive medication	0.46	0.02	0.26	3.04	<0.0001

[i] * Continuous variables are presented as Mean (Standard Deviation).

Categorical variables are presented as proportion.

Trajectories of SBP Groups in Three Strata.

Sex-Specific Trajectories of SBP Groups in Three Strata.

Table 2

Association of participants’ baseline characteristics with the distinct SBP groups.

Patient baseline characteristics	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	Group 4	Group 5	Bivariate p-value	Adjusted p-value	Adjusted OR
Number of individuals	406	1536	2536	683	96
Age (year)	25.9	26.0	25.8	26.3	25.8	0.716	0.0002	1.14**
Male sex %	23.4	58.2	78.7	95.2	95.8	<0.0001	<0.0001	5.18
High school graduation %	65.5	51.2	33.0	38.0	22.9	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.50
Married %	40.6	30.7	21.9	24.9	19.8	<0.0001	0.499	0.94
Family history of CVD %	23.7	17.6	16.6	20.2	22.9	0.580	0.0113	1.33
BMI	20.0	21.2	22.0	23.3	24.5	<0.0001	<0.0001	1.14
Waist circumference (inch)	26.7	28.6	30.3	31.8	33.0	<0.0001	<0.0001	1.18
High fruit/vegetable intake %	36.2	26.3	18.3	20.5	12.5	<0.0001	0.457	1.06
Baseline SBP (mmHg)	95.3	101.8	105.8	107.5	108.2	<0.0001	<0.0001	2.03**
Smoking %	7.1	23.7	28.4	32.2	24.0	<0.0001	0.0662	0.88
Having hyperlipidemia %	8.6	10.7	15.1	21.8	30.2	<0.0001	0.0101	1.68
Having heart disease %	0	0	0.08	0	0	0.651	0.703	1.68
Having diabetes %	0	0	0.08	0	0	0.651	0.534	2.31
Anti-hypertensive medication	0	0	0.04	0	0	0.749	0.973	0.94
Number of Individuals	284	2538	2343	531	165
Age (year)	26.7	26.3	26.7	27.9	27.2	<0.0001	<0.0001	1.13**
Male sex %	76.4	89.9	94.9	97.9	97.0	<0.0001	<0.0001	3.22
High school graduation %	73.2	36.1	35.1	48.0	33.9	0.0028	<0.0001	0.65
Married %	41.2	23.0	25.7	39.4	29.7	0.0010	0.0013	1.29
Family history of CVD %	21.4	16.4	20.6	29.4	27.3	<0.0001	<0.0001	1.52
BMI	21.6	23.0	24.2	25.3	25.4	<0.0001	<0.0001	1.14
Waist circumference (inch)	29.5	31.4	32.7	34.0	34.1	<0.0001	<0.0001	1.12
High fruit/vegetable intake %	44.0	20.7	21.2	28.4	16.3	0.0108	0.0182	0.84
Baseline SBP	117.4	119.0	123.1	124.8	125.7	<0.0001	<0.0001	2.69**
Smoking %	30.6	30.0	33.3	42.2	35.8	<0.0001	0.339	1.06
Having hyperlipidemia %	15.8	18.3	24.9	34.3	38.2	<0.0001	<0.0001	1.64
Having heart disease %	0	0.24	0.13	0.19	0.61	0.958	0.936	0.96
Having diabetes %	0	0.08	0.13	0.38	0	0.192	0.323	2.01
Anti-hypertensive medication	0	0.12	0.34	0.75	0	0.0248	0.0409	2.68
Number of Individuals	156	932	143	64	55
Age (year)	27.6	26.6	29.0	29.7	27.7	<0.0001	0.0380	1.16**
Male sex %	98.7	96.5	99.3	98.4	96.4	0.782	0.636	1.17
High school graduation %	55.1	22.5	43.4	68.8	14.5	0.788	0.0005	0.58
Married %	40.4	18.1	42.7	70.3	23.6	0.0002	0.0196	1.53
Family history of CVD %	32.1	18.1	39.2	54.7	34.6	<0.0001	0.0002	1.721
BMI	24.7	25.3	26.7	26.7	27.6	<0.0001	<0.0001	1.08
Waist circumference (inch)	33.0	33.9	35.6	35.3	35.7	<0.0001	<0.0001	1.08
High fruit/vegetable intake %	39.7	12.7	30.1	48.4	20.0	0.267	0.871	1.03
Baseline SBP	137.3	138.9	143.7	149.4	163.6	<0.0001	<0.0001	1.05**
Smoking %	38.5	28.8	39.2	59.4	34.5	0.0285	0.669	1.06
Having hyperlipidemia %	35.3	28.8	50.3	56.2	40.0	<0.0001	0.0077	1.41
Having heart disease %	0.64	0.43	1.40	0	1.82	0.339	0.321	2.04
Having diabetes %	0	0.32	0	1.56	0	0.505	0.767	1.35
Anti-hypertensive medication	1.9	2.4	4.2	4.7	12.7	0.0006	0.0038	2.47

[i] ** Adjusted odds ratio (OR) for baseline age and baseline SBP was calculated based on 5 year and 5 mmHg increment, respectively.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.764 | Journal eISSN: 2211-8179

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Language: English

Submitted on: Dec 8, 2019

Accepted on: Jan 28, 2020

Published on: Mar 2, 2020

Published by: Ubiquity Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

systolic blood pressure,

trajectories,

young adults,

mixture model

© 2020 Haiqun Lin, Meiping Cui, Erica S. Spatz, Yongfei Wang, Jiapeng Lu, Jing Li, Shuxia Li, Chenxi Huang, Xiancheng Liu, Lixin Jiang, Harlan M. Krumholz, Xiao Xu, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 15 (2020): Issue 1

Heterogeneity in Trajectories of Systolic Blood Pressure among Young Adults in Qingdao Port Cardiovascular Health Study

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Figure 1

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Table 2

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