Figure 1
Global Map of COVID-19 pandemic by region.
Figure 2
Outcomes of acute chest pain [35]. Figure 2 adapted from ACC guideline Diagnosing Type 2 Myocardial Infarction [35].
Figure 3
Diagnosis and management of myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients.
Legend: ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; ECG, electrocardiogram; EMB; endomyocardial biopsy; HCU, high care unit; hs-TnT, high sensitivity troponin T; ICU, intensive care unit; JVP, jugular venous pressure; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; MV, mitral valve; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; TV, tricuspid valve.
Table 1
Chest radiographic findings in COVID-19 pneumonia and cardiogenic pulmonary oedema.
| COVID-19 Pneumonia | Cardiogenic Pulmonary Oedema |
|---|---|
| Typical: – Peripheral bilateral ground glass opacities (GGO) with or without consolidation – Multifocal GGO with rounded morphology | Typical (acute heart failure): – Central, peri-hilar bilateral GGO with peripheral sparing (‘batwing distribution’) – Interlobular septal thickening (Kerley B lines) – Pleural effusions – Peri-bronchial cuffing Additional features seen in chronic heart failure: – Upper lobe blood diversion – Azygos distension – Cardiomegaly |
| Intermediate: Absence of typical features AND the presence of: – Multifocal, diffuse, perihilar or unilateral GGO with or without consolidation | |
| Atypical: – Isolated lobar or segmental consolidation without GGO – Smooth interlobular septal thickening with pleural effusions | Atypical: – Unilateral GGO, with or without pleural effusions – Pulmonary pseudotumour (fluid within the interlobar fissure) |