Figure 1
Number of Cardiac Catheterization laboratories in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2018. Adopted from Dr. Graham Cassel, Milpark Hospital, Johannesburg. The need and distribution of cath labs for adult and pediatric cases throughout Africa. https://www.tctmd.com/slide/distribution-cath-labs-throughout-africa.
Table 1
Global institutions where personnel from UHI received training in interventional cardiology.
| Collaborating Institution | Training Offered |
|---|---|
| Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kerala | Pediatric interventional cardiology |
| Case Western Reserve University – Ohio, USA | Clinical cardiology, adult interventional cardiology, advanced heart failure fellowships. |
| Frontier Lifeline Hospital – Chennai, India | Clinical cardiology, cardiac electrophysiology |
| Madras Medical Mission – Chennai, India | Clinical and interventional cardiology |
| Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences, India | Catheterization laboratory technical training |
| Medanta Hospital – New Delhi, India | Clinical and interventional cardiology |
| National Heart Institute – Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | Catheterization laboratory technical training |
| University of Cape Town – South Africa | Clinical and interventional cardiology |
Table 2
Total number of procedures performed during the study period.
| Procedure | Total No. of Procedures, 2012–2019 |
|---|---|
| Procedures Performed By The ‘Adult Interventional’ Team; N = 2,916 | |
| Coronary angiography | 1,902 (65%) |
| Percutaneous coronary interventions | 408 (14%) |
| Single & dual chamber pacemaker implantation | 246 (8%) |
| Temporary pacemaker insertion | 166 (5.7%) |
| Cardiac resynchronization therapy | 61 (2.1%) |
| ICD implantation | 3 (0.1%) |
| Balloon mitral valvuloplasty | 81 (2.8%) |
| Electrophysiology studies +/– RFA | 24 (0.8%) |
| IVC filter insertion | 13 (0.4%) |
| Peripheral angiography | 4 (0.1%) |
| Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) placement | 3 (0.1%) |
| Endovascular aortic repair | 5 (0.2%) |
| Total | 2,916 (100%) |
| Procedures Performed By The ‘Paediatric Interventional’ Team; N = 626 | |
| PDA device closure | 317 (50.6%) |
| Balloon pulmonic valvuloplasty | 77 (12.3%) |
| Diagnostic catheterization | 180 (28.8%) |
| Balloon atrial septostomy | 19 (3.0%) |
| ASD device closure | 8 (1.3%) |
| VSD device closure | 7 (1.1%) |
| Others | 18 (2.9%) |
| Total | 626 (100%) |
[i] ICD: Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator; RFA: Radio-Frequency Ablation; IVC: Inferior Vena Cava; IABP: Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump; PDA: Patent Ductus Arteriosus; ASD: Atrial Septal Defect; VSD: Ventricular Septal Defect.
Figure 2
Evolution of invasive diagnostic and interventional cardiac procedures in the cardiac catheterization laboratory of Uganda Heart Institute. ICD: Implantable Cardiovertor Defibrillator; CRT: Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; PDA: Patent Ductus Arteriosus; TGA: Transposition of the Great Arteries; IVC: Inferior Vena Cava; EVAR: Endovascular Aortic Repair; IABP: Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump; ASD: Atrial Septal Defect; VSD: Ventricular Septal Defect.
Figure 3
Total number of diagnostic and interventional procedures in each year, 2012–2019.
Figure 4
Number of diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention procedures in each year. CAG: Coronary Angiography; PCI: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.
Figure 5
Number of balloon valvuloplasty procedures in each year. BMV: Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty; BPV: Balloon Pulmonic Valvuloplasty.
Figure 6
Number of patent ductus arteriosus device closures, atrial septostomies for TGA and diagnostic right and left heart catheterization procedures. PDA: Patent Ductus Arteriosus; Atrial Sept: Atrial Septostomy for TGA; Diag. Cath: Diagnostic right and left cardiac catheterization.
Table 3
Number of procedures that have been performed intermittently since installation of the cardiac catheterization laboratory.
| Procedures | Years | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
| Permanent Pacemaker Insertion (Single & Dual Chamber) | 7 | 18 | 37 | 30 | 40 | 38 | 36 | 40 |
| Temporary Pacemaker Insertion | 0 | 12 | 10 | 25 | 34 | 15 | 30 | 40 |
| Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT-D & CRT-P) | 0 | 4 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 5 | 9 | 9 |
| ICD Implantation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| EPS/RFA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 10 |
| Peripheral Angiography | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Insertion | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| IVC Filter Insertion | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 |
| EVAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
[i] EPS: Electrophysiology Studies; RFA: Radiofrequency Ablation; IVC: Inferior Vena Cava; EVAR: Endo-Vascular Aortic Repair.