Table 1
Psychocardiogram (Set of questionnaires).
| Risk factor | Psychometric assessment | Time to administer (min) | Clinical cut-off used | Cronbach-α |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); 7 items (depression) | 5 | Sum score >10 | .839 |
| Anxiety | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); 7 items (anxiety) | 5 | Sum score >10 | .826 |
| Anger/Hostiiity | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory (MMPI)-2; 23 items (cynicism subscaie) | 5 | Z-score > 1 SD | .898 |
| Type D Pattern | DS 14; 14 items (7 items Negative Affectivity (NA); 7 items Social Inhibition (SI)) | 5 | NA s 10 andSI > 10 | .869 (NA), .880 (SI) |
| Vital Exhaustion | Maastricht Vital Exhaustion Questionnaire; 9 items | 5 | Sum Score s 11 | .836 |
| Lack of Social Support | ENRICHED Social Support Instrument (ESSI); 7 items | 10 | Sum Score < 18 | .911 |
| Chronic Work Stress | Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI); 23 items (6 items Effort (E); 11 items Reward (R); 6 items Overcommitment (OC)) | 5 | E/R*0.545454 > 1 Z-Score > 1 SD | .843 (E) .920 (R) .827 (OC) |
Figure 1
Screening procedure.
Table 2
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients included in the study (n = 609).
| Variable | Patients (%) |
|---|---|
| Age* (years) | 60.7 ± 10.9 |
| Male gender, | 84.9 |
| Main diagnosis, | |
| Heart failure | 12 |
| Coronary artery disease (CAD) | 82.7 |
| CAD and peripheral artery disease (PAD) | 5.3 |
| CR program, | |
| CHF | 11.9 |
| DiaFit | 2.4 |
| Women | 1.5 |
| PAD | 5.2 |
| Seniors | 13.1 |
| Standard | 65.9 |
| Affected vessels, | |
| No affected vessels | 2 |
| One-vessel disease | 34.8 |
| Two-vessel disease | 23.1 |
| Three-vessel disease | 33.1 |
| N/A | 7 |
Figure 2
Screening process.
Figure 3
Percentage of patients with elevated scores per scale (n = 474).
Table 3
Sample characteristics of patients stratified by their participation in a psychological counseling with regard to identified psychosocial risk factors.
| Variable | Following invitation discussion of the PCG-Profile | P Value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 120) | No (n = 107) | ||
| Age, M ± SD, y | 59.4 ± 10.1 | 60.3 ± 11.3 | .569 |
| Male gender, % | 78.3 | 88.8 | .035 |
| Affected vessels, % | .076 | ||
| One-vessel disease | 35.3 | 40.2 | |
| Two-vessel disease | 28.4 | 15.5 | |
| Three-vessel disease | 36.2 | 44.3 | |
| LVEF < 40%, % | 20.8 | 16.8 | .441 |
| Acute coronary syndrome, % | 63.3 | 62.3 | .868 |
| Depression score, M ± SD | 6.2 ± 3.6 | 7.0 ± 4.3 | .155 |
| Anxiety score, M ± SD | 7.6 ± 3.9 | 7.7 ± 4.0 | .777 |
| Vital exhaustion score, M ± SD | 10.7 ± 4.8 | 10.2 ± 5.3 | .504 |
| Social support score, M ± SD | 26.7 ± 6.8 | 26.2 ± 7.1 | .582 |
| Effort-reward-imbalance score, M ± SD | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | .053 |
| Overcommitment score, M ± SD | 15.4 ± 4.1 | 15.2 ± 4.5 | .826 |
| Hostility score, M ± SD | 10.1 ± 6.4 | 12.0 ± 6.2 | .028 |
| Type D personality, % | 50.0 | 52.4 | .722 |
[i] M: Mean.
SD: Standard Deviation * P < 0.005.