Table 1
Comparing basal demographic data and cardiac drug history of Group I and Group II.
| Group I | Group II | t/X2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Years) | 48.28 ± 11.89 | 46.51 ± 8.463 | 1.227t | 0.221 |
| Males (%) | 112 (56%) | 122 (61%) | 0.515X | 0.473 |
| Hypertension (%) | 163 (81.5%) | 165 (82.5%) | 0.113X | 0.203 |
| Smoking (%) | 66 (33.0%) | 60 (30.0%) | 0.358X | 0.550 |
| NYHA I (%)* | 166 (83%) | 146 (73%) | 2.918X | 0.088 |
| Beta Blockers (%) | 174 (87%) | 168 (84%) | 1.337X | 0.247 |
| ACEI/ARBS (%) | 184 (92%) | 188 (94%) | 0.915X | 0.261 |
| Diuretics (%) | 96 (48%) | 100 (50%) | 0.824X | 0.367 |
| Miniralocorticoids inhibitors (%) | 14 (7%) | 16 (8%) | 0.016X | 0.942 |
| Digoxin (%) | 8 (4%) | 10 (5%) | 0.116X | 0.733 |
[i] * NYHA I and NYHA II only included.
# Heart Rate (HR) < 60 b/min on resting ECG.
t Independent-Samples T-test.
X Chi-Square test.
HTN hypertension.
Table 2
Comparing NYHA Class, EF, and BNP in Groups I and II at Day 0 (baseline) and after three months (end of treatment).
| Group I – 0 | Group I – 3 | Group II – 0 | Group II – 3 | F/X2 | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYHA | I | 166 (83%) | 162 (81%) | 146 (73%) | 144 (72%) | 5.278X | 0.153 |
| II | 34 (17%) | 38 (19%) | 54 (27%) | 56 (28%) | |||
| EF (%) | 45.66 ± 3.06 | 44.90 ± 4.43 | 44.75 ± 2.81 | 43.90 ± 2.84 | 3.439F | 0.020F 0.1111 0.0742 | |
| BNP (pg/ml) | 65.73 ± 16.68 | 69.83 ± 16.65 | 68.77 ± 17.42 | 72.67 ± 17.05 | 3.969F | 0.011F 0.0631 0.0712 | |
[i] X Chi-Square test.
F One – Way ANOVA test.
1 Post hoc test – least significant difference (LSD) between Group I – 0 and Group I – 3.
2 Post hoc test – least significant difference (LSD) between Group II – 0 and Group II – 3.
NYHA New York Hear Association, EF; Ejection Fraction, BNP; Brain Natriuretic Peptide.
Table 3
Comparing heart rate and induction of arrhythmia in Groups I and II at Day 0 (baseline) and after three months (end of treatment).
| Group A – 0 | Group A – 3 | Group B – 0 | Group B – 3 | F/X2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bradycardia (%) # | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1%) | 2.010 X | 0.570
X 0.1551 0.3162 |
| Non-Sustaned VT (%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 2 (1%) | 0.608 X | 0.895X 1.0001 0.5612 |
| PVCs Burden % | 7.99 ± 4.31 | 8.88 ± 4.42 | 9.09 ± 4.41 | 9.14 ± 3.94 | 1.567F | 0.197F 0.1421 0.9342 |
| Highest HR (b/min) | 93.35 ± 8.57 | 94.32 ± 8.64 | 92.07 ± 8.03 | 92.51 ± 7.31 | 1.481F | 0.219F 0.4011 0.7032 |
| Lowest HR (b/min) | 63.35 ± 8.57 | 64.67 ± 8.88 | 62.77 ± 8.62 | 62.42 ± 7.79 | 1.363F | 0.254F 0.2711 0.7702 |
[i] # Heart Rate (HR) < 60 b/min on resting ECG.
X Chi-Square test was used to compare all groups.
F One – Way ANOVA test was used to compare all groups.
1 Comparison between Group A – 0 and Group A – 3.
2 Comparison between Group B – 0 and Group B – 3.
Table 4
Comparing fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin level, HOMA-IR and lipid profile in Groups I and II at Day 0 (baseline) and after three months (end of treatment).
| Group I – 0 | Group I – 3 | Group II – 0 | Group II – 3 | F | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FBG (mg/dl) | 92.30 ± 12.14 | 88.36 ± 10.27 | 93.38 ± 12.50 | 87.81 ± 10.47 | 5.998 | 0.001F 0.0151 0.0012 |
| FI (uIU/ml) | 11.18 ± 4.50 | 9.82 ± 3.61 | 12.65 ± 5.31 | 11.01 ± 3.98 | 6.960 | <0.001F 0.0301 0.0082 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.56 ± 1.10 | 2.15 ± 0.85 | 2.90 ± 1.26 | 2.37 ± 0.86 | 9.414 | <0.001F 0.0051 <0.0012 |
| Chol (mg/dl) | 200.75 ± 45.16 | 213.19 ± 49.51 | 231.77 ± 41.59 | 239.34 ± 54.69 | 13.361 | <0.001F 0.0681 0.2652 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 127.14 ± 36.91 | 134.95 ± 43.59 | 129.16 ± 25.41 | 140.21 ± 29.63 | 2.867 | 0.036F 0.1091 0.0282 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 44.69 ± 8.59 | 45.22 ± 7.65 | 37.06 ± 6.20 | 39.57 ± 7.51 | 27.794 | <0.001F 0.6191 0.0192 |
| TGs (mg/dl) | 141.98 ± 45.72 | 151.98 ± 37.31 | 159.58 ± 58.03 | 166.39 ± 48.08 | 4.792 | 0.003F 0.1401 0.3152 |
[i] F One – Way ANOVA test.
1 Post hoc test – least significant difference (LSD) between Group 1 – 0 and Group 1 – 3.
2 Post hoc test – least significant difference (LSD) between Group 2 – 0 and Group 2 – 3.
FBG: Fasting Blood Glucose; FI: Fasting Insulin; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; Chol: Total Cholesterol; TGs: Triglycerides.
Figure 1
Fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin levels at baseline and after three months in Groups I and II.
FBG: Fasting blood glucose; FI: Fasting insulin.
Figure 2
HOMA-IR index at baseline and after three months in Groups I and II.
HOMA – IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance.
Table 5
Comparing the effects of DAAs regimens on metabolic parameters within and between studied groups after HCV eradication.
| Wilks’ Lambda | F | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FBG (mg/dl) | Effect of DAAs regimens within groups | 0.971 | 4.799 | 0.048 |
| Effect of DAAs regimens between groups | 0.985 | 3.077 | 0.081 | |
| FI (uIU/ml) | Effect of DAAs regimens within groups | 0.899 | 22.184 | <0.001 |
| Effect of DAAs regimens between groups | 0.995 | 1.032 | 0.311 | |
| HOMA-IR | Effect of DAAs regimens within groups | 0.902 | 21.503 | <0.001 |
| Effect of DAAs regimens between groups | 0.986 | 2.821 | 0.095 |
[i] FBG: Fasting Blood Glucose; FI: Fasting Insulin; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance.
Figure 3
LDL-C and HDL-C levels at baseline and after three months in Groups I and II.
LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Figure 4
Changes in FBG, FI, and HOMA-IR levels at baseline and after three months in Groups I and II.
FBG: Fasting Blood Glucose, FI: Fasting Insulin, HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance index, P1: Changes within groups, P2: Changes between groups.
| 2D | Two Dimensions |
| ALT | Alanine-Amino-Transferase |
| AST | Aspartate-Amino-Transferase |
| BNP | B-natriuretic peptide |
| CHF | Congestive Heart Failure |
| DAAs | Directly Acting Antiviral Agents |
| DCV | Daclatasvir |
| EDHS | Egyptian Demographic Health Survey |
| LVEF | Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction |
| FBG | Fasting Blood Glucose |
| HCV | Hepatitis C Virus |
| HDL-C | High-Density Lipoprotein – Cholesterol |
| HOMA-IR | Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance |
| INF | Interferon |
| INR | International Normalized Ratio |
| IR | Insulin Resistance |
| LDL-C | Low-Density Lipoprotein – Cholesterol |
| LV | Left Ventricle |
| NCCVH | National Committee for Control of Viral Hepatitis |
| NYHA | New York Heart Association |
| PCR | Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| PT | Prothrombin Time |
| RBV | Ribavirin |
| RNA | Ribonucleic Acid |
| RWMAs | Regional Wall Motion Abnormalities |
| SOF | Sofosbuvir |
| SVR | Sustained Virological Response |
| VT | Ventricular Tachycardia |