Figure 1
Participants flow chart.
Table 1
Characteristics before city lockdown of participants in and outside of Wuhan.
| All (n = 19,960) | Wuhan (n = 3,380) | Out of Wuhan (n = 16580) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | 35.7 (11.3)/19960 | 35.7 (11.6) | 35.7 (11.3) |
| Men, N (%) | 17948/19960 (89.9%) | 3056 (90.4%) | 14892 (89.8%) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.1 (3.7)/19733 | 24.2 (3.7) | 24.1 (3.7) |
| Pre-lockdown data from device | |||
| Atrial fibrillation, N (%) | 40/11985 (0.3%) | 6 (0.3%) | 34 (0.3%) |
| Sleep duration, hours | 7.1 (1.1)/12894 | 7.2 (1.1) | 7.1 (1.1) |
| Deep sleep ratio, % | 25.3 (7.8)/12894 | 25.6 (7.8) | 25.3 (7.8) |
| Resting heart rate, bpm | 66.9 (4.7)/12176 | 66.8 (4.5) | 66.9 (4.7) |
| Steps, N | 9542.1 (3703.9)/14601 | 9267.6 (3616.7) | 9602.1 (3720.1) |
| Oxygen saturation, % | 96.3 (0.5)/2463 | 96.3 (0.5) | 96.3 (0.5) |
[i] Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) or No. (Proportions). BPM, beats per minute. The pre-lockdown atrial fibrillation, sleep time, heart rate, steps are mean levels from 26 December 2019 to city lockdown (22 January 2020).
Figure 2
Time series of vital signs before and after lockdown. Resting heart rate (a), Sleep duration (b), deep sleep ratio (c), steps (d), oxygen saturation (e) and proportion of atrial fibrillation (f). Fitted trend lines show predicted values from the segmented regression analysis for vital signs or AF before and after lockdown.
Table 2
Segmented regression analysis of change in vital signs and atrial fibrillation after the lockdown.
| Change in level | Change in slope | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 95% CI | P value | Mean | 95% CI | P value | |||
| Resting heart rate, beats | –1.073 | –1.757 | –0.389 | 0.003 | –0.084 | –0.121 | –0.046 | <0.001 |
| Sleep duration, hr | 0.526 | 0.280 | 0.772 | <0.001 | –0.009 | –0.023 | 0.005 | 0.183 |
| Deep sleep ratio, % | –0.868 | –1.157 | –0.578 | <0.001 | 0.022 | 0.006 | 0.038 | 0.008 |
| Steps | –3352 | –4333 | –2370 | <0.001 | –40.72 | –94.00 | 12.56 | 0.131 |
| Oxygen saturation, % | –0.023 | –0.056 | 0.009 | 0.159 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.010 |
| Atrial fibrillation, % | 0.065 | –0.042 | 0.173 | 0.229 | 0.004 | –0.002 | 0.010 | 0.207 |
[i] CI, confidence interval.
Table 3
Segmented regression analysis for the difference of vital signs after lockdown according to anxiety and depression (Yes vs. No). The anxiety or depression were defined as >7 in HADs anxiety or depression score.
| Anxiety | Depression | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difference | 95% CI | P value | Difference | 95% CI | P value | |||
| Resting heart rate, beats | –0.036 | –0.233 | 0.161 | 0.719 | 0.199 | –0.028 | 0.426 | 0.086 |
| Sleep duration, hr | 0.207 | 0.146 | 0.269 | <0.001 | 0.137 | 0.067 | 0.207 | <0.001 |
| Deep sleep ratio, % | 0.008 | 0.004 | 0.011 | <0.001 | 0.019 | 0.015 | 0.023 | <0.001 |
| Steps | –153.867 | –317.014 | 9.279 | 0.065 | –493.903 | –681.783 | –306.023 | <0.001 |
| Oxygen saturation, % | 0.028 | –0.009 | 0.066 | 0.141 | –0.092 | –0.137 | –0.046 | <0.001 |
[i] CI, confidence interval.