Table 1
Characteristics of CRONICAS participants with and without depressive symptoms using CES-D.
| NO DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS (N = 282) | DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS (N = 91) | P VALUE | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean) | 56.2 | 58.3 | 0.15 |
| Female, n (%) | 135 (47.9) | 76 (83.5) | <0.001 |
| Weekly physical activity, MET (mean) | 289.5 | 138.6 | 0.10 |
| Hazardous Alcohol Use, n (%) | 57 (20.2) | 6 (6.6) | 0.06 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 (mean) | 27.7 | 27.7 | 0.99 |
| Pack-years of tobacco use (mean) | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.15 |
| Primary education or less, n (%) | 104 (36.9) | 51 (56.0) | 0.001 |
| Pampas site, n (%) | 148 (52.5) | 39 (42.9) | 0.11 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (mean) | 72.2 | 69.4 | 0.02 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (mean) | 114.3 | 109.3 | 0.01 |
| Hypertension diagnosis, n (%) | 39 (13.8) | 14 (15.4) | 0.71 |
| Current BP medication use, n (%) | 18 (6.4) | 4 (4.4) | 0.50 |
| Heart disease diagnosis, n (%) | 11 (3.9) | 7 (7.7) | 0.14 |
| Current heart disease medication use, n (%) | 10 (3.5) | 4 (4.4) | 0.70 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 13 (4.6) | 9(9.9) | 0.06 |
| Biomass exposure, n (%) | 217 (77.0) | 72 (79.1) | 0.67 |
| Unemployed, n (%) | 84 (29.8) | 42 (46.2) | 0.004 |
Figure 1
Septal e’ velocity and E/e’ ratio in depressed and non- depressed groups.
Table 2
Multivariable linear regression analysis comparing left atrial and ventricular echocardiographic parameters in clinically significant depressive participants versus non- depressive participants. Multivariable model controls for age, gender, site, biomass utilization, height, BMI, total physical activity, prior diabetes diagnosis, pack- years of smoking, hazardous alcohol consumption as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
| FULLY ADJUSTED β (95% CI) | P VALUE | |
|---|---|---|
| LV internal diameter, diastole, cm | 0.07 (–0.59, 0.20) | 0.29 |
| LV internal diameter, systole, cm | 0.11 (–0.04, 0.27) | 0.16 |
| LV stroke volume, mL | 0.41 (–3.14, 3.95) | 0.82 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 0.88 (–0.33, 2.09) | 0.15 |
| LV mass, g (logged form) | –0.04 (–0.10, 0.02) | 0.22 |
| LA diameter, systole, cm | –0.5 (–0.16, 0.07) | 0.41 |
| LA area, four- chamber, cm2 | 0.10 (–0.99, 1.19) | 0.86 |
| LA area, two- chamber, cm2 | 0.45 (–0.63, 1.53) | 0.42 |
| E/A Ratio (logged form) | 0.003 (–0.06, 0.06) | 0.93 |
| Lateral e’ Velocity, cm/s | –0.27 (–0.76, 0.23) | 0.29 |
| Septal e’ Velocity, cm/s | –0.72 (–1.21, –0.24) | 0.004 |
| E/e’ ratio | 0.47 (–0.08, 1.02) | 0.09 |
Table 3
Multivariable linear regression analysis comparing right atrial and ventricular echocardiographic parameters in clinically significant depressive participants versus non- depressive participants. Multivariable model controls for age, gender, site, biomass utilization, height, BMI, total physical activity, prior diabetes diagnosis, pack- years of smoking, hazardous alcohol consumption as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
| FULLY ADJUSTED β (95% CI) | P VALUE | |
|---|---|---|
| Right ventricular diameter, base, cm | 0.01 (–0.13, 0.15) | 0.86 |
| Right ventricular diameter, mid- cavity, cm | –0.004 (–0.14, 0.13) | 0.95 |
| Right ventricular length, cm | 0.02 (–0.17, 0.21) | 0.83 |
| RVSP*, mm Hg | 1.27 (–0.68, 3.23) | 0.20 |
| TAPSE*, cm | –0.06 (–0.15, 0.04) | 0.26 |
| Right ventricular outflow tract time to peak velocity, ms | 0. 99 (–6.13, 8.10) | 0.79 |
[i] * RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.
Figure 2
RVSP and E/e’ ratio in depressed and non- depressed groups greater than or equal to 65 years of age.