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Evaluation of UK Integrated Care Pilots: research protocol Cover

Evaluation of UK Integrated Care Pilots: research protocol

Open Access
|Sep 2010

Figures & Tables

Annex 1 Summary of focus of individual Integrated Care Pilot sites

PilotMain focus (some sites have other objectives also)
Bournemouth and PooleStructured support for people with dementia in the community
CambridgeSupport for end of life care in the community; reduction in unnecessary admissions to hospital
Church View Medical PracticeImproved support for people with long-term conditions at risk of admission to hospital
CumbriaImproved support for people with long-term conditions at risk of admission to hospital
Durham DalesProviding integrated primary and secondary care service for acutely ill people, improved community services, moving specialist services into the community, identification of people at risk of fuel poverty
Northamptonshire Integrated Care Partnership (NENE)Improved support for people with long-term conditions at risk of admission to hospital
NewquayStructured support for people with dementia in the community
NorfolkImproved support for people with long-term conditions at risk of admission to hospital
North TynesideScreening of patients at risk of falls: assessment by multi-disciplinary team
NorthumbriaImproved support for people with COPD with a history of admissions to hospital
North CornwallMental health care
Principia Partners in HealthImproved support for people with long-term conditions at risk of admission to hospital. Second stream has specific focus on people with COPD
Tameside and GlossopStructured programme of identification and management of people at risk of cardio-vascular disease (CVD). Second stream of work for people with established CVD
TorbayImproved discharge planning. Support for GPs from community geriatrician. Improved support for people in the community with dementia, COPD and congestive cardiac failure. Falls prevention programme
Tower HamletsStructured care for people with diabetes
Wakefield Integrated Substance Misuse ServiceImplementation of ‘dashboard’ routinely feeding back performance data for services providing care for people with substance misuse

Annex 2 List of ‘ambulatory care sensitive conditions’ (ACSCs) and associated ICD-10 codes (derived from AHRQ [14] and Purdy et al. [15]). These are admissions for diagnoses that in principle may be preventable by good quality primary care

Ambulatory care sensitive conditionICD-10 codeDefinition
Alcohol-related diseaseF10Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of alcohol
AnginaI20Angina pectoris
AnginaI240Coronary thrombosis not resulting in myocardial infarction
AnginaI248Other forms of acute ischemic heart disease
AnginaI249Acute ischemic heart disease, unspecified
AnginaI25Chronic ischemic heart disease
AnginaR072Precordial pain
AsthmaJ45Asthma
AsthmaJ46Status asthmaticus
Atrial fibrillation and flutterI471Supra-ventricular tachycardia
Atrial fibrillation and flutterI479Paroxysmal tachycardia, unspecified
Atrial fibrillation and flutterI495Sick sinus syndrome
Atrial fibrillation and flutterI498Other specified cardiac arrhythmias
Atrial fibrillation and flutterI499Cardiac arrhythmia, unspecified
Atrial fibrillation and flutterR000Tachycardia, unspecified
Atrial fibrillation and flutterR002Palpitations
Atrial fibrillation and flutterR008Other and unspecified abnormalities of heart beat
CellulitisI891Lymphangitis
CellulitisL010Impetigo [any organism] [any site]
CellulitisL011Impetiginization of other dermatoses
CellulitisL020Cutaneous abscess, furuncle, and carbuncle of face
CellulitisL021Cutaneous abscess, furuncle, and carbuncle of neck
CellulitisL022Cutaneous abscess, furuncle, and carbuncle of trunk
CellulitisL023Cutaneous abscess, furuncle, and carbuncle of buttock
CellulitisL024Cutaneous abscess, furuncle, and carbuncle of limb
CellulitisL028Cutaneous abscess, furuncle, and carbuncle of other sites
CellulitisL029Cutaneous abscess, furuncle, and carbuncle, unspecified
CellulitisL03Cellulitis
CellulitisL04Acute lymphadenitis
CellulitisL080Pyoderma
CellulitisL088Other specified local infections of skin and subcutaneous tissue
CellulitisL089Local infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue, unspecified
CellulitisL88Pyoderma gangrenosum
CellulitisL980Pyogenic granuloma
Congestive heart failureI110Hypertensive heart disease with (congestive) heart failure
Congestive heart failureI130Hypertensive heart and renal disease with (congestive) heart failure
Congestive heart failureI132Hypertensive heart and renal disease with both (congestive) heart failure and renal failure
Congestive heart failureI255Ischemic cardiomyopathy
Congestive heart failureI50Heart failure
Congestive heart failureJ81Pulmonary edema
ConstipationK590Constipation
Convulsions and EpilepsyG253Myoclonus
Convulsions and EpilepsyG40Epilepsy
Convulsions and EpilepsyG41Status epilepticus
Convulsions and EpilepsyR56Convulsions, not elsewhere classified
COPDJ40Bronchitis, not specified as acute or chronic
COPDJ41Simple and mucopurulent chronic bronchitis
COPDJ42Unspecified chronic bronchitis
COPDJ43Emphysema
COPDJ44Other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COPDJ47Bronchiectasis
COPDJ20Acute bronchitis
Dehydration and gastroenteritisA020Salmonella gastroenteritis
Dehydration and gastroenteritisA04Other bacterial intestinal infections
Dehydration and gastroenteritisA059Bacterial food-borne intoxication, unspecified
Dehydration and gastroenteritisA072Cryptosporidiosis
Dehydration and gastroenteritisA080Rotaviral enteritis
Dehydration and gastroenteritisA081Acute gastroenteropathy due to Norwalk agent
Dehydration and gastroenteritisA082Adenoviral enteritis
Dehydration and gastroenteritisA083Other viral enteritis
Dehydration and gastroenteritisA084Viral intestinal infection, unspecified
Dehydration and gastroenteritisA085Other specified intestinal infections
Dehydration and gastroenteritisA09Diarrhea and gastroenteritis of presumed infectious origin
Dehydration and gastroenteritisE86Volume depletion
Dehydration and gastroenteritisK520Gastroenteritis and colitis due to radiation
Dehydration and gastroenteritisK521Toxic gastroenteritis and colitis
Dehydration and gastroenteritisK522Allergic and dietetic gastroenteritis and colitis
Dehydration and gastroenteritisK528Other specified non-infective gastroenteritis and colitis
Dehydration and gastroenteritisK529Non-infective gastroenteritis and colitis, unspecified
DementiaF00Dementia in Alzheimer's disease
DementiaF01Vascular dementia
DementiaF02Dementia in other diseases classified elsewhere
DementiaF03Unclassified dementia
DementiaR54Senility
Dental conditionsA690Necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis
Dental conditionsK02Dental caries
Dental conditionsK03Other diseases of hard tissues of teeth
Dental conditionsK04Diseases of pulp and periapical tissues
Dental conditionsK05Gingivitis and periodontal diseases
Dental conditionsK06Other disorders of gingiva and edentulous alveolar ridge
Dental conditionsK08Other disorders of teeth and supporting structures
Dental conditionsK098Other cysts of oral region, not elsewhere classified
Dental conditionsK099Cyst of oral region, unspecified
Dental conditionsK12Stomatitis and related lesions
Dental conditionsK13Other diseases of lip and oral mucosa
Diabetes complicationsE100Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with coma
Diabetes complicationsE101Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis
Diabetes complicationsE102Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with renal complications
Diabetes complicationsE103Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic comps
Diabetes complicationsE104Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with neurological comps
Diabetes complicationsE105Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with periph circ comps
Diabetes complicationsE106Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with other spec comps
Diabetes complicationsE107Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with multiple comps
Diabetes complicationsE108Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with unspec comps
Diabetes complicationsE110Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with coma
Diabetes complicationsE111Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis
Diabetes complicationsE112Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with renal comps
Diabetes complicationsE113Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with ophthalm comps
Diabetes complicationsE114Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with neuro comps
Diabetes complicationsE115Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with periph circ comp
Diabetes complicationsE116Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with other spec comp
Diabetes complicationsE117Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with multiple comps
Diabetes complicationsE118Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with unspec comps
Diabetes complicationsE120Malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus with coma
Diabetes complicationsE121Malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis
Diabetes complicationsE122Malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus with renal comps
Diabetes complicationsE128Malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus with unspec comps
Diabetes complicationsE130Other specified diabetes mellitus with coma
Diabetes complicationsE131Other specified diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis
Diabetes complicationsE132Other specified diabetes mellitus with renal complications
Diabetes complicationsE133Other specified diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic comps
Diabetes complicationsE134Other specified diabetes mellitus with neurological comps
Diabetes complicationsE135Other specified diabetes mellitus with periph circ comps
Diabetes complicationsE136Other specified diabetes mellitus with other spec comps
Diabetes complicationsE137Other specified diabetes mellitus with multiple comps
Diabetes complicationsE138Other specified diabetes mellitus with unspecified comps
Diabetes complicationsE140Unspecified diabetes mellitus with coma
Diabetes complicationsE141Unspecified diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis
Diabetes complicationsE142Unspecified diabetes mellitus with renal complications
Diabetes complicationsE143Unspecified diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic complications
Diabetes complicationsE144Unspecified diabetes mellitus with neurological comps
Diabetes complicationsE145Unspecified diabetes mellitus with periph circulatory comps
Diabetes complicationsE146Unspecified diabetes mellitus with other specified comps
Diabetes complicationsE147Unspecified diabetes mellitus with multiple complications
Diabetes complicationsE148Unspecified diabetes mellitus with unspecified complications
Dyspepsia and other stomach function disordersK21Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Dyspepsia and other stomach function disordersK30Dyspepsia
Ear, nose and throat infectionsH66Suppurative and unspecified otitis media
Ear, nose and throat infectionsH67Otitis media in diseases classified elsewhere
Ear, nose and throat infectionsJ02Acute pharyngitis
Ear, nose and throat infectionsJ03Acute tonsillitis
Ear, nose and throat infectionsJ040Acute laryngitis
Ear, nose and throat infectionsJ06Acute upper respiratory infections of multiple and unspecified sites
Ear, nose and throat infectionsJ312Chronic pharyngitis
Fractured proximal femurS720Fracture of neck of femur
Fractured proximal femurS721Pertrochanteric fracture
Fractured proximal femurS722Subtrochanteric fracture
GangreneR02Gangrene, not elsewhere classified
HypertensionI10Essential (primary) hypertension
HypertensionI119Hypertensive heart disease without (congestive) heart failure
HypertensionI129Hypertensive renal disease without renal failure
HypertensionI139Hypertensive heart and renal disease, unspecified
HypokalaemiaE876Hypokalemia
Influenza and pneumoniaA481Legionnaires' disease
Influenza and pneumoniaA70Chlamydia psittaci infection
Influenza and pneumoniaJ10Influenza due to identified influenza virus
Influenza and pneumoniaJ11Influenza, virus not identified
Influenza and pneumoniaJ120Adenoviral pneumonia
Influenza and pneumoniaJ121Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia
Influenza and pneumoniaJ122Parainfluenza virus pneumonia
Influenza and pneumoniaJ128Other viral pneumonia
Influenza and pneumoniaJ129Viral pneumonia, unspecified
Influenza and pneumoniaJ13Pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae
Influenza and pneumoniaJ14Pneumonia due to Hemophilus influenzae
Influenza and pneumoniaJ153Pneumonia due to streptococcus, group B
Influenza and pneumoniaJ154Pneumonia due to other streptococci
Influenza and pneumoniaJ157Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Influenza and pneumoniaJ159Bacterial pneumonia, unspecified
Influenza and pneumoniaJ160Chlamydial pneumonia
Influenza and pneumoniaJ168Pneumonia due to other specified infectious organisms
Influenza and pneumoniaJ18Pneumonia, organism unspecified
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD460Refractory anemia without sideroblasts, so stated
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD461Refractory anemia with sideroblasts
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD463Refractory anemia with excess of blasts with transformation
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD464Refractory anemia, unspecified
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD501Sideropenic dysphagia
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD508Other iron deficiency anemias
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD509Iron deficiency anemia, unspecified
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD510Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia due to intrinsic factor deficiency
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD511Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia due to selective vitamin B12 malabsorption with proteinuria
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD512Transcobalamin II deficiency
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD513Other dietary vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD518Other vitamin B12 deficiency anemias
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD520Dietary folate deficiency anemia
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD521Drug-induced folate deficiency anemia
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD528Other folate deficiency anemias
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD529Folate deficiency anemia, unspecified
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD531Other megaloblastic anemias, not elsewhere classified
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD571Sickle-cell anemia without crisis
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD580Hereditary spherocytosis
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD581Hereditary elliptocytosis
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD590Drug-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD591Other autoimmune hemolytic anemias
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD592Drug-induced non-autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD599Acquired hemolytic anemia, unspecified
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD601Transient acquired pure red cell aplasia
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD608Other acquired pure red cell aplasias
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD609Acquired pure red cell aplasia, unspecified
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD610Constitutional aplastic anemia
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD611Drug-induced aplastic anemia
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD640Hereditary sideroblastic anemia
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD641Secondary sideroblastic anemia due to disease
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD642Secondary sideroblastic anemia due to drugs and toxins
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD643Other sideroblastic anemias
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD644Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia
Iron-deficiency anaemiaD648Other specified anemias
Migraine/acute headacheG43Migraine
Migraine/acute headacheG440Cluster headache syndrome
Migraine/acute headacheG441Vascular headache, not elsewhere classified
Migraine/acute headacheG443Chronic posttraumatic headache
Migraine/acute headacheG444Drug-induced headache, not elsewhere classified
Migraine/acute headacheG448Other specified headache syndromes
Migraine/acute headacheR51Headache
Nutritional deficiencyE40Kwashiorkor
Nutritional deficiencyE41Nutritional marasmus
Nutritional deficiencyE42Marasmic kwashiorkor
Nutritional deficiencyE43Unspecified severe protein-energy malnutrition
Nutritional deficiencyE550Rickets, active
Nutritional deficiencyE643Sequelae of rickets
Other vaccine-preventable diseasesA35Other tetanus
Other vaccine-preventable diseasesA36Diphtheria
Other vaccine-preventable diseasesA37Whooping cough
Other vaccine-preventable diseasesA80Acute poliomyelitis
Other vaccine-preventable diseasesB05Measles
Other vaccine-preventable diseasesB06Rubella [German measles]
Other vaccine-preventable diseasesB161Acute hepatitis B with delta-agent (coinfection) without hepatic coma
Other vaccine-preventable diseasesB169Acute hepatitis B without delta-agent and without hepatic coma
Other vaccine-preventable diseasesB180Chronic viral hepatitis B with delta-agent
Other vaccine-preventable diseasesB181Chronic viral hepatitis B without delta-agent
Other vaccine-preventable diseasesB26Mumps
Other vaccine-preventable diseasesG000Hemophilus meningitis
Other vaccine-preventable diseasesM014Rubella arthritis
Pelvic inflammatory diseaseN70Salpingitis and oophoritis
Pelvic inflammatory diseaseN73Other female pelvic inflammatory diseases
Pelvic inflammatory diseaseN74Female pelvic inflammatory disorders in diseases classified elsewhere
Perforated appendixK350Acute appendicitis with generalized peritonitis
Perforated appendixK351Acute appendicitis with peritoneal abscess
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK20Esophagitis
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK210Gastroesophageal reflux disease with esophagitis
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK219Gastroesophageal reflux disease without esophagitis
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK221Ulcer of esophagus
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK226Gastroesophageal laceration-hemorrhage syndrome
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK250Acute with hemorrhage
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK251Acute with perforation
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK252Acute with both hemorrhage and perforation
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK254Chronic or unspecified with hemorrhage
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK255Chronic or unspecified with perforation
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK256Chronic or unspecified with both hemorrhage and perforation
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK260Acute with hemorrhage
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK261Acute with perforation
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK262Acute with both hemorrhage and perforation
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK264Chronic or unspecified with hemorrhage
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK265Chronic or unspecified with perforation
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK266Chronic or unspecified with both hemorrhage and perforation
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK270Acute with hemorrhage
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK271Acute with perforation
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK272Acute with both hemorrhage and perforation
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK274Chronic or unspecified with hemorrhage
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK275Chronic or unspecified with perforation
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK276Chronic or unspecified with both hemorrhage and perforation
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK280Acute with hemorrhage
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK281Acute with perforation
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK282Acute with both hemorrhage and perforation
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK284Chronic or unspecified with hemorrhage
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK285Chronic or unspecified with perforation
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK286Chronic or unspecified with both hemorrhage and perforation
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK920Hematemesis
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK921Melena
Perforated/bleeding ulcerK922Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, unspecified
Peripheral vascular diseaseI73Other peripheral vascular diseases
TuberculosisA15Respiratory tuberculosis, bacteriologically and histologically confirmed
TuberculosisA16Respiratory tuberculosis, not confirmed bacteriologically or histologically
TuberculosisA17Tuberculosis of nervous system
TuberculosisA18Tuberculosis of other organs
TuberculosisA19Miliary tuberculosis
Urinary infectionN10Acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis
Urinary infectionN11Chronic tubulo-interstitial nephritis
Urinary infectionN12Tubulo-interstitial nephritis, not specified as acute or chronic
Urinary infectionN136Pyonephrosis
Urinary infectionN151Renal and perinephric abscess
Urinary infectionN159Renal tubulo-interstitial disease, unspecified
Urinary infectionN30Cystitis
Urinary infectionN390Urinary tract infection, site not specified

[i] The above table contains all conditions and codes listed in Purdy et al. (2009) tables 3 and 4 except the following:

  • ‘Failure to thrive’ and ‘low birth weight’ are excluded as they are purely paediatric conditions.

  • ‘Angina’ codes R073, R074, Z034, Z035 are generic chest pain codes which are unlikely to indicate ischaemic heart disease.

  • E139 and E149 not included in ‘diabetes complications’ as both codes specify ‘...without complications’.

  • Mental health admissions (with the exception of ‘dementia’) are excludes as they are not relevant to the evaluation sites that are collecting admission data. The excluded conditions are ‘deliberate self-harm’, ‘neuroses’ and ‘schizophrenia’. ‘Dementia’ is relevant to two pilot sites, and so is retained.

  • ‘Stroke’ is excluded because of the substantial change seen in the admission criteria for stroke over the study period.

  • O15 is excluded from ‘convulsions and epilepsy’ as the condition—eclampsia (a specific disorder of pregnancy)—is unrelated, except for the common symptom of fits.

  • There are also some additional codes included:

    • I129, I139, I132 and A082 are introduced by the process of converting the AHRQ codes from ICD-9CM to ICD-10.

    • All cystitis codes (N30) are included in ‘urinary tract infection’, supplementing N300, N308 and N309.

Table 1.

Summary of the evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to improve coordination in health care, from Powell Davies et al. [2]

Main focus of interventionProportion (%) of studies with positive outcome for healthProportion (%) of studies with positive outcome for health/social care service user satisfactionProportion (%) of studies with positive outcome for cost saving
Changed relationships between service providers Structured relationships between service providers including co-location, case management, multi-disciplinary teams or assigning health/social care service users to a particular PHC provider (33 studies)19/29 (65.5%)8/12 (66.7%)2/12 (16.7%)
Coordination of clinical activities Using structured arrangements for coordinating service provision between providers, including joint consultations, shared assessments and priority access to another clinical service (37 studies)19/31 (61.3%)4/12 (33.3%)3/15 (20%)
Improving communication between service providers Interventions designed to improve communication between service providers, e.g. case conferences (56 studies)26/47 (55.3%)12/22 (54.5%)2/21 (14.3%)
Support for clinicians Interventions include support or supervision for clinicians, training (joint or relating to collaboration), and reminder systems (33 studies)16/28 (57.1%)8/14 (57.1%)1/12 (8.3%)
Information systems to support co-ordination Using information systems to support the coordination of care, including care plans; decision support, proformas; health/social care service user held or shared records; shared information or communication systems; and a register of health/social care service users (47 studies)23/38 (60.5%)7/19 (36.8%)2/13 (15.4%)
Support for health/social care service users Interventions include education, reminders and assistance in accessing care (19 studies)6/17 (35.3%)3/6 (50.0%)1/7 (14.3%)
All studies36/65 (55.4%)14/31 (45.2%)5/28 (17.9%)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.513 | Journal eISSN: 1568-4156
Language: English
Submitted on: Mar 11, 2010
Accepted on: Aug 30, 2010
Published on: Sep 27, 2010
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2010 Tom Ling, Martin Bardsley, John Adams, Richard Lewis, Martin Roland, published by Igitur, Utrecht Publishing & Archiving
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.