Integrating Gestational Diabetes Screening and Care and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention After GDM Into Community Based Primary Health Care in South Africa-Mixed Method Study
References
- Cheung NW, Byth K. Population health significance of gestational diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003 Jul; 26(7): 2005–9. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.26.7.2005
- Bellamy, Casas JP, Hingorani AD, Williams D. Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet [Internet]. 2009 May 23 [cited 2018 Jul 4]; 373(9677): 1773–9. Available from:
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)60731-5/abstract . DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60731-5 - Macaulay S, Ngobeni M, Dunger DB, Norris SA. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus amongst black South African women is a public health concern. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018; 139(ebi, 8508335): 278–87. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.03.012
- Daneshmand SS, Stortz S, Morrisey R, Faksh A. Bridging Gaps and Understanding Disparities in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus to Improve Perinatal Outcomes. Diabetes Spectrum [Internet]. 2019 Nov 1 [cited 2020 Jun 26]; 32(4): 317–23. Available from:
https://spectrum.diabetesjournals.org/content/32/4/317 . DOI: 10.2337/ds19-0013 - Blatt AJ, Nakamoto JM, Kaufman HW. Gaps in Diabetes Screening During Pregnancy and Postpartum. Obstetrics & Gynecology [Internet]. 2011 Jan [cited 2020 Jun 26]; 117(1): 61–8. Available from:
https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2011/01000/Gaps_in_Diabetes_Screening_During_Pregnancy_and.10.aspx . DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181fe424b - American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes--2014. Diabetes Care. 2014 Jan; 37 Suppl 1: S14-80. DOI: 10.2337/dc14-S014
- American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2013. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 2013 Jan [cited 2019 Aug 9]; 36(Suppl 1): S11–66. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3537269/ . DOI: 10.2337/dc13-S011 - Carpenter MW, Coustan DR. Criteria for screening tests for gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982 Dec 1; 144(7): 768–73. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(82)90349-0
- The Lancet. Glucose Tolerance in Pregnancy— the Who and How of Testing. The Lancet [Internet]. 1988 Nov 19 [cited 2019 Aug 9]; 332(8621): 1173–4. Available from:
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(88)90238-3/abstract . DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)90238-3 - International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups consensus panel. International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Recommendations on the Diagnosis and Classification of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 2010 Mar 1 [cited 2019 Aug 6]; 33(3): 676–82. Available from:
https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/33/3/676 . DOI: 10.2337/dc09-1848 - National Diabetes Data Group. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Other Categories of Glucose Intolerance. Diabetes [Internet]. 1979 Dec 1 [cited 2019 Aug 9]; 28(12): 1039–57. Available from:
https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/28/12/1039 . DOI: 10.2337/diab.28.12.1039 - WHO.
Diabetes mellitus: report of a WHO study group [meeting held in Geneva from 11 to 16 February 1985] [Internet]. World Health Organization; 1985 [cited 2019 Aug 9]. Available from:https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/39592 . - WHO.
Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications: report of a WHO consultation. Part 1, Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus . Geneva: World health organization; 1999. - IDF. IDF Diabetes Atlas 6th Edition; 2013.
- Nielsen KK, Kapur A, Damm P, de Courten M, Bygbjerg IC. From screening to postpartum follow-up – the determinants and barriers for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) services, a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth [Internet]. 2014 Jan 22 [cited 2020 Apr 21]; 14: 41. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3901889/ . DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-41 - Warren C, Daly P, Toure L, Mongi P. Postnatal care. Opportunities for Africa’s newborns Cape Town, South Africa: Partnership for maternal, newborn and child health. 2006; 79–90.
- Ngxongo TSP. Basic Antenatal Care Approach to Antenatal Care Service Provision [Internet]. Selected Topics in Midwifery Care. IntechOpen; 2018 [cited 2022 Jan 14]. Available from:
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/62277 . - Dias S, Pheiffer C, Rheeder P, Adam S. Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus in South Africa: What we know so far. SAMJ: South African Medical Journal [Internet]. 2019 Jul [cited 2020 Apr 11]; 109(7): 457–62. Available from:
http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0256-95742019000700007&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en . DOI: 10.7196/SAMJ.2019.v109i7.14064 - Adam S, Rheeder P. Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in a South African population: Prevalence, comparison of diagnostic criteria and the role of risk factors. South African Medical Journal [Internet]. 2017 May 24 [cited 2019 Sep 26]; 107(6): 523–527–527. Available from:
http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/11907 . DOI: 10.7196/SAMJ.2017.v107i6.12043 - Muche AA, Olayemi OO, Gete YK. Prevalence and determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus in Africa based on the updated international diagnostic criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Public Health [Internet]. 2019 Aug 6 [cited 2020 Jun 28]; 77(1): 36. DOI: 10.1186/s13690-019-0362-0
- Muhwava LS, Murphy K, Zarowsky C, Levitt N. Policies and clinical practices relating to the management of gestational diabetes mellitus in the public health sector, South Africa – a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research [Internet]. 2018 May 10 [cited 2020 Apr 14]; 18(1): 349. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3175-x
- Benatar SR. The challenges of health disparities in South Africa. South African Medical Journal [Internet]. 2013 Jan 23 [cited 2020 Jun 28]; 103(3): 154–155–155. Available from:
http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/6622 . - Shih ST, Davis-Lameloise N, Janus ED, Wildey C, Versace VL, Hagger V, et al. Mothers After Gestational Diabetes in Australia Diabetes Prevention Program (MAGDA-DPP) post-natal intervention: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials [Internet]. 2013 Oct 17 [cited 2022 Mar 31]; 14: 339. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3853589/ . DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-339 - Mutabazi JC, Bonong PRE, Trottier H, Ware LJ, Norris SA, Murphy K, et al. Integrating gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes care into primary health care: Lessons from prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in South Africa – A mixed methods study. PLOS ONE [Internet]. 2021 Jan 22 [cited 2022 Mar 31]; 16(1):
e0245229 . Available from:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0245229 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245229 - Sokhela DG, Sibiya MN, Gwele NS. Monitoring well-baby visits in primary healthcare facilities in a middle-income country. South African Journal of Child Health. 2018; 12(2): 44–7. DOI: 10.7196/SAJCH.2018.v12i2.1262
- Tabana H, Dudley LD, Knight S, Cameron N, Mahomed H, Goliath C, et al. The acceptability of three vaccine injections given to infants during a single clinic visit in South Africa. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2016 Aug 8 [cited 2022 Mar 31]; 16(1): 749. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3324-2
- Kugel NL. Integrated Health Networks Are Not Created Equal. Frontiers of Health Services Management [Internet]. 2001
Summer [cited 2018 Sep 12]; 17(4): 41. Available from:https://journals.lww.com/frontiersonline/Citation/2001/04000/Integrated_Health_Networks_Are_Not_Created_Equal.5.aspx . DOI: 10.1097/01974520-200104000-00005 - Michie, Atkins L, West R.
The behaviour change wheel: a guide to designing interventions . 2014. Great Britain: Silverback Publishing; 2015. - Michie S, Richardson M, Johnston M, Abraham C, Francis J, Hardeman W, et al. The behavior change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: building an international consensus for the reporting of behavior change interventions. Annals of behavioral medicine. 2013; 46(1): 81–95. DOI: 10.1007/s12160-013-9486-6
- Ware LJ, Prioreschi A, Bosire E, Cohen E, Draper CE, Lye SJ, et al. Environmental, Social, and Structural Constraints for Health Behavior: Perceptions of Young Urban Black Women During the Preconception Period-A Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2019; 51(8): 946–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2019.04.009
- Michie S, van Stralen MM, West R. The behaviour change wheel: A new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Implement Sci. 2011 Apr 23; 6: 42. DOI: 10.1186/1748-5908-6-42
- Moore GF, Audrey S, Barker M, Bond L, Bonell C, Hardeman W, et al. Process evaluation of complex interventions: Medical Research Council guidance. The BMJ. 2015 Mar 19; 350: h1258. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h1258
- Creswell JW, Clark VLP.
Designing and conducting mixed methods research . Sage publications; 2017. - Hong QN, Pluye P, Fàbregues S, Bartlett G, Boardman F, Cargo M, et al.
Mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT), version 2018 . IC Canadian Intellectual Property Office, Industry Canada; 2018. - Western Cape Government, Department of Health. Western Cape Government [Internet]; 2020 [cited 2020 Jul 30]. Available from:
https://www.westerncape.gov.za/dept/health . - Atkinson R, Flint J. Accessing hidden and hard-to-reach populations: Snowball research strategies. Social research update. 2001; 33(1): 1–4.
- Patton MQ.
Qualitative research and evaluation methods . Thousand Oakes, CA: sage; 2002. - Suri H. Purposeful sampling in qualitative research synthesis. Qualitative research journal. 2011; 11(2): 63–75. DOI: 10.3316/QRJ1102063
- Vaismoradi M, Turunen H, Bondas T. Content analysis and thematic analysis: Implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study. Nurs Health Sci. 2013 Sep; 15(3): 398–405. DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12048
- Paillé P, Mucchielli A.
L’analyse qualitative en sciences humaines et sociales-4e éd . Armand Colin; 2016. DOI: 10.3917/arco.paill.2016.01 - Cohen J.
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences . Routledge; 2013. DOI: 10.4324/9780203771587 - American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 2018 Jan 1 [cited 2019 Jul 29]; 41(Supplement 1): S13–27. Available from:
https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/41/Supplement_1/S13 . DOI: 10.2337/dc18-S002 - Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med. 1998 Jul; 15(7): 539–53. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<;539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S
- Provincial Government of the Western Cape. Postnatal Care Policy. 2016.
- Clarke M, Dick J, Lewin S. Community health workers in South Africa: Where in this maze do we find ourselves? SAMJ: South African Medical Journal [Internet]. 2008 Sep [cited 2020 Mar 5]; 98(9): 680–1. Available from:
http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0256-95742008000900010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en . - Uwimana J, Zarowsky C, Hausler H, Jackson D. Engagement of non-government organisations and community care workers in collaborative TB/HIV activities including prevention of mother to child transmission in South Africa: opportunities and challenges. BMC health services research. 2012; 12(1): 233. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-12-233
- Tsolekile LP, Schneider H, Puoane T. The roles, training and knowledge of community health workers about diabetes and hypertension in Khayelitsha, Cape Town. Curationis. 2018; 41(1): e1–8. DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v41i1.1815
- Chivese T, et al. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women of childbearing age in Africa during 2000–2016: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2019 May 22 [cited 2020 Jul 28]; 9(5). Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6538083/ . - Teh WT, Teede HJ, Paul E, Harrison CL, Wallace EM, Allan C. Risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus: Implications for the application of screening guidelines. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2019 Sep 26]; 51(1): 26–30. Available from:
https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1479-828X.2011.01292.x . DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828X.2011.01335.x - Ferrara A. Increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a public health perspective. Diabetes care. 2007; 30(Suppl): NaN–NaN. DOI: 10.2337/dc07-s206
- Bhavadharini B, Uma R, Saravanan P, Mohan V. Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus – relevance to low and middle income countries. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol [Internet]. 2016 Jun 1 [cited 2020 Jul 10]; 2. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5471706/ . DOI: 10.1186/s40842-016-0031-y - Nielsen KK, de Courten M, Kapur A. Health system and societal barriers for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) services – lessons from World Diabetes Foundation supported GDM projects. BMC International Health and Human Rights [Internet]. 2012 Dec 5 [cited 2022 Mar 31]; 12(1): 33. DOI: 10.1186/1472-698X-12-33
- Bennett WL, Ennen CS, Carrese JA, Hill-Briggs F, Levine DM, Nicholson WK, et al. Barriers to and Facilitators of Postpartum Follow-Up Care in Women with Recent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) [Internet]. 2011 Feb [cited 2022 Mar 31]; 20(2): 239–45. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3064871/ . DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2010.2233 - Kyei-Nimakoh M, Carolan-Olah M, McCann TV. Access barriers to obstetric care at health facilities in sub-Saharan Africa—a systematic review. Syst Rev [Internet]. 2017 Jun 6 [cited 2019 Oct 1]; 6. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5461715/ . DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0503-x - Geleto A, Chojenta C, Musa A, Loxton D. Barriers to access and utilization of emergency obstetric care at health facilities in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of literature. Syst Rev [Internet]. 2018 Nov 13 [cited 2019 Oct 1]; 7. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6234634/ . DOI: 10.1186/s13643-018-0842-2 - Fairall, Folb N, Timmerman V, Lombard C, Steyn K, Bachmann MO, et al. Educational Outreach with an Integrated Clinical Tool for Nurse-Led Non-communicable Chronic Disease Management in Primary Care in South Africa: A Pragmatic Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial. PLoS Med. 2016; 13(11):
e1002178 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002178 - Fairall, Bateman E. Health workers are vital to sustainable development goals and universal health coverage. BMJ. 2017 23; 356: j1357. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j1357
- Fairall, Cornick R, Bateman E. Empowering frontline providers to deliver universal primary healthcare using the Practical and Approach to care kit. BMJ Glob Health [Internet]. 2018 Nov 19 [cited 2019 Oct 1]; 3(Suppl 5). Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6266967/ . DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-k4451rep
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.5600 | Journal eISSN: 1568-4156
Language: English
Submitted on: Aug 7, 2020
Accepted on: Aug 30, 2022
Published on: Sep 21, 2022
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
© 2022 Jean Claude Mutabazi, Pascal Roland Enok Bonong, Helen Trottier, Lisa Jayne Ware, Shane Norris, Katherine Murphy, Naomi Levitt, Christina Zarowsky, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.