Table 1
Measures for network-level indicators of cooperation.
| YEAR | DENSITY | MEAN DISTANCE | TRANSFORMED MEAN DISTANCE INDICATOR | Nº OF PRACTICES | Nº OF INTEGRATED PRACTICES* | TOTAL NUMBER OF PATIENTS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 0.136 | 2.089 | 35.03 | 197 | 28 | 25,979 |
| 2005 | 0.151 | 2.020 | 36.60 | 192 | 29 | 26,491 |
| 2006 | 0.137 | 2.007 | 29.00 | 217 | 37 | 27,360 |
| 2007 | 0.139 | 1.995 | 25.73 | 209 | 33 | 27,621 |
| 2008 | 0.144 | 1.922 | 16.81 | 225 | 37 | 27,209 |
| 2009 | 0.151 | 1.933 | 24.77 | 221 | 35 | 27,408 |
| 2010 | 0.161 | 1.893 | 17.30 | 218 | 35 | 27,306 |
| 2011 | 0.157 | 1.879 | 10.61 | 222 | 35 | 27,804 |
| 2012 | 0.144 | 1.923 | 18.19 | 229 | 34 | 28,032 |
| 2013 | 0.150 | 1.888 | 10.97 | 228 | 34 | 28,612 |
| 2014 | 0.153 | 1.877 | 8.82 | 230 | 36 | 28,151 |
| 2015 | 0.162 | 1.881 | 14.25 | 220 | 35 | 28,487 |
| 2016 | 0.152 | 1.890 | 13.86 | 234 | 36 | 28,999 |
| 2017 | 0.160 | 1.884 | 14.73 | 225 | 36 | 29,421 |
| Average percentage change | 1.40% | –0.78% | –0.50% | 1.15% | 2.32% | 0.97% |
[i] * Integrated practices correspond to physician practices participating in GK. (IPs).
Figure 1
Regional professional network. IPs vs Non-IPs differentiated by GPs and other specialties.
Table 2
System GMM models.
| MODEL 1 | MODEL 2 | MODEL 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEGREE | EV-CENTRALITY RANKING | BE-CENTRALITY RANKING | |
| COEFFICIENTS (SE) | COEFFICIENTS (SE) | COEFFICIENTS (SE) | |
| lag(y, 1) | 0.52*** | 0.59*** | 0.32*** |
| (0.12) | (–0.12) | (0.05) | |
| lag(y, 2) | 0.04 | ||
| (0.14) | |||
| year | 1.70e-04 | 3.96e-03* | 1.05e-02*** |
| (5.39e-04) | (1.65e-03) | (1.21e-03) | |
| year*IP | 1.64e-03· | 3.27e-03· | 4.56e-03*** |
| (9.08e-04) | 1.82e-03 | (7.94e-04) | |
| Charlson Score | 1.73** | 2.89*** | 2.31*** |
| (0.61) | (0.78) | (0.61) | |
| Total Nº patients | 1.93e-02* | 0.01 | 1.48e-02*** |
| (8.83e-03) | (5.38e-03) | (2.01e-03) | |
| #Obs | 3067 | 3067 | 3067 |
| nodes | 602 | 602 | 602 |
| Length of res. vector | 4493 | 3675 | 4894 |
| Sargan test: | chisq(68) 58.95 (p-value: 0.78) | chisq(52) 67.45 (p-value: 0.08) | chisq(81) 74.91 (p-value: 0.67) |
| Autocorrelation test (1) | normal –1.98 (p-value: 0.04) | normal –5.28 (p-value: 1.32e-07) | normal –6.15 (p-value: 7.89e-10) |
| Autocorrelation test (2) | normal 1.04 (p-value: 0.30) | normal 1.89 (p-value: 0.06) | normal 0.91 (p-value: 0.37) |
| Wald test for coefficients | chisq(6) 7946.341 (p-value: < 2.22e-16) | chisq(5) 16151.79 (p-value: < 2.22e-16) | chisq(5) 10526.45 (p-value: < 2.22e-16) |
| R2 corr(y, ŷ)2 | 0.89 | 0.92 | 0.83 |
| Instruments | Lags 4:11 | Lags 6:11 | Lags 3:14 |
[i] Significance: *** = p < 0.001; ** = p < 0.01; * = p < 0.05; · = p < 0.1; SE = Standard Errors.