Interprofessional Educational Needs for Shared Governance of Integrated Care

	(N = 210)
CHARACTERISTIC	FREQUENCIES (%) OR MEAN (SD)
Sex
Female	160 (66.4%)
Male	81 (33.6%)
Professionals’ highest degree
≤College diploma	38 (15.8%)
Baccalaureate degree	148 (61.4%)
≥Master’s degree	55 (22.8%)
Job
Community care administrators	22 (9.1%)
Care coordinators	84 (34.9%)
Health and social services providers	71 (29.5%)
Community health champions	64 (26.6%)
Experience of integrated care education
Yes	69 (28.6%)
No	172 (71.4%)
Age	45.42 (SD = 10.50)
Years of experience	10.01 (SD = 8.82)

Table 2

Educational needs of all integrated-care professionals.

ITEM NO. (N = 210)	IMPORTANCE		PERFORMANCE		IMPORTANCE MINUS PERFORMANCE	PAIRED T	p	BORICH SCORE	BORICH RANK	QUADRANT IN LOCUS FOR FOCUS MODEL
ITEM NO. (N = 210)	MEAN ± SD	RANK	MEAN ± SD	RANK	MEAN ± SD	PAIRED T	p	BORICH SCORE	BORICH RANK	QUADRANT IN LOCUS FOR FOCUS MODEL
1	4.22 ± 0.74	6	3.81 ± 0.84	3	0.41 ± 0.77	8.15	<.001	1.71	15	LH
2	4.11 ± 0.80	15	3.73 ± 0.87	6	0.38 ± 0.80	7.38	<.001	1.57	17	LH
3	4.03 ± 0.86	19	3.68 ± 0.92	11	0.35 ± 0.84	6.45	<.001	1.41	19	LL
4	4.20 ± 0.81	8	3.81 ± 0.88	4	0.39 ± 0.81	7.55	<.001	1.66	16	LH
5	4.35 ± 0.77	1	3.84 ± 0.99	1	0.51 ± 0.88	9.04	<.001	2.22	6	HH
6	4.29 ± 0.80	3	3.83 ± 0.93	2	0.46 ± 0.78	9.03	<.001	1.96	12	LH
7	4.19 ± 0.83	9	3.65 ± 0.99	15	0.54 ± 0.89	9.41	<.001	2.26	4	HL
8	4.13 ± 0.88	14	3.70 ± 1.01	9	0.43 ± 0.86	7.73	<.001	1.76	14	LL
9	4.16 ± 0.84	11	3.65 ± 0.99	14	0.51 ± 0.85	9.22	<.001	2.10	8	HL
10	4.14 ± 0.84	13	3.60 ± 1.01	19	0.54 ± 0.96	8.71	<.001	2.23	5	HL
11	4.21 ± 0.84	7	3.70 ± 0.99	7	0.51 ± 0.98	8.12	<.001	2.15	7	HL
12	4.16 ± 0.83	12	3.66 ± 0.95	13	0.50 ± 0.85	9.12	<.001	2.07	9	HL
13	4.24 ± 0.86	5	3.68 ± 1.04	12	0.56 ± 0.96	8.94	<.001	2.36	3	HL
14	4.10 ± 0.88	16	3.61 ± 0.96	18	0.50 ± 0.84	9.18	<.001	2.04	11	HL
15	4.31 ± 0.77	2	3.74 ± 1.02	5	0.57 ± 0.93	9.45	<.001	2.45	2	HH
16	4.25 ± 0.85	4	3.62 ± 1.09	17	0.63 ± 1.07	9.19	<.001	2.70	1	HL
17	4.07 ± 0.79	18	3.70 ± 0.93	8	0.37 ± 0.81	7.14	<.001	1.52	18	LL
18	4.09 ± 0.82	17	3.65 ± 0.94	15	0.44 ± 0.87	7.78	<.001	1.78	13	LL
19	4.18 ± 0.85	10	3.69 ± 1.00	10	0.49 ± 0.90	8.52	<.001	2.07	10	HL

[i] HH: high discrepancy, high importance; HL: high discrepancy, low performance; LH: low discrepancy, high importance; LL: low discrepancy, high importance.

Educational needs of all integrated care professionals using the Locus for Focus Model.
Cut-off value: Importance = 4.18, difference (importance-performance) = 0.48.
Educational needs in Quadrant 1, such as no. 16 (utilizing ICT appropriately for integrated care), and no. 15 (collaboratively working with multidisciplinary professionals), were the educational needs of all integrated care professionals.

Table 3

Educational needs for community-care administrators in integrated care.

ITEM NO. (N = 22)	IMPORTANCE		PERFORMANCE		IMPORTANCE MINUS PERFORMANCE	PAIRED T	P	BORICH SCORE	BORICH RANK	QUADRANT IN LOCUS FOR FOCUS MODEL
ITEM NO. (N = 22)	MEAN ± SD	RANK	MEAN ± SD	RANK	MEAN ± SD	PAIRED T	P	BORICH SCORE	BORICH RANK	QUADRANT IN LOCUS FOR FOCUS MODEL
1	4.09 ± 0.75	3	3.68 ± 1.09	9	0.41 ± 1.01	1.904	.071	1.67	3	HH
2	4.00 ± 0.82	10	3.59 ± 0.91	12	0.41 ± 0.80	2.409	.025	1.64	4	HH
3	4.05 ± 0.90	5	3.55 ± 0.91	17	0.50 ± 0.91	2.569	.018	2.02	1	HH
4	3.91 ± 0.92	16	3.55 ± 1.14	17	0.36 ± 0.79	2.160	.042	1.42	7	HL
5	4.05 ± 0.79	5	3.77 ± 0.92	3	0.27 ± 0.83	1.547	.137	1.10	15	LH
6	3.91 ± 0.92	16	3.59 ± 0.91	12	0.32 ± 0.65	2.309	.031	1.24	11	LL
7	4.00 ± 0.93	10	3.77 ± 1.07	3	0.23 ± 0.61	1.742	.096	0.91	19	LH
8	4.18 ± 0.80	1	3.73 ± 1.03	7	0.45 ± 0.86	2.485	.021	1.90	2	HH
9	3.95 ± 0.84	13	3.59 ± 0.91	12	0.36 ± 0.66	2.592	.017	1.44	5	HL
10	3.82 ± 0.96	19	3.50 ± 1.01	19	0.32 ± 0.65	2.309	.031	1.21	12	LL
11	3.95 ± 0.95	13	3.59 ± 0.96	12	0.36 ± 0.79	2.160	.042	1.44	5	HL
12	4.05 ± 0.90	5	3.77 ± 1.02	3	0.27 ± 0.63	2.027	.056	1.10	15	LH
13	4.05 ± 0.79	5	3.77 ± 0.92	3	0.27 ± 0.77	1.667	.110	1.10	15	LH
14	3.95 ± 0.84	13	3.68 ± 0.89	9	0.27 ± 0.63	2.027	.056	1.08	18	LL
15	3.86 ± 0.94	18	3.50 ± 1.19	19	0.36 ± 0.90	1.891	.073	1.40	8	HL
16	3.77 ± 0.97	20	3.59 ± 1.10	12	0.18 ± 0.66	1.283	.213	0.69	20	LL
17	4.00 ± 0.82	10	3.68 ± 0.95	9	0.32 ± 0.78	1.914	.069	1.27	10	LH
18	4.05 ± 0.79	5	3.73 ± 1.03	7	0.32 ± 0.78	1.914	.069	1.29	9	LH
19	4.14 ± 0.89	2	3.86 ± 0.99	1	0.27 ± 0.77	1.667	.110	1.13	13	LH
20	4.09 ± 0.97	3	3.82 ± 1.05	2	0.27 ± 0.77	1.667	.110	1.12	14	LH

[i] HH: high discrepancy, high importance; HL: high discrepancy, low performance; LH: low discrepancy, high importance; LL: low discrepancy, high importance.

Educational needs of community-care administrators using the Locus for Focus Model.
Cut-off value: Importance = 3.99, difference (importance-performance) = 0.33.
Educational needs in Quadrant 1, such as no. 8 (building effective working relationships with other professionals working in public/private institutions) and no. 3 (developing policies relevant to integrated care based on circumstances and problems in the community), urgently address the educational needs of community-care administrators.

Table 4

Educational needs for care coordinators in integrated care.

ITEM NO. (N = 84)	IMPORTANCE		PERFORMANCE		IMPORTANCE MINUS PERFORMANCE	PAIRED T	P	BORICH SCORE	BORICH RANK	QUADRANT IN LOCUS FOR FOCUS MODEL
ITEM NO. (N = 84)	MEAN ± SD	RANK	MEAN ± SD	RANK	MEAN ± SD	PAIRED T	P	BORICH SCORE	BORICH RANK	QUADRANT IN LOCUS FOR FOCUS MODEL
1	4.05 ± 0.89	8	3.75 ± 0.94	5	0.30	3.85	<.001	1.20	5	LL
2	4.13 ± 0.80	3	3.79 ± 0.95	3	0.35	3.96	<.001	1.43	3	LH
3	4.07 ± 0.83	6	3.76 ± 0.90	4	0.31	3.73	<.001	1.26	4	LL
4	4.08 ± 0.89	5	3.67 ± 0.94	9	0.42	5.11	<.001	1.70	9	HH
5	4.08 ± 0.81	5	3.60 ± 1.08	13	0.49	4.42	<.001	1.99	13	HH
6	4.01 ± 0.78	10	3.64 ± 0.93	11	0.37	3.87	<.001	1.48	11	HL
7	4.21 ± 0.79	1	3.83 ± 0.92	1	0.38	3.98	<.001	1.61	1	HH
8	4.17 ± 0.80	2	3.82 ± 0.85	2	0.35	4.62	<.001	1.44	2	LH
9	4.11 ± 0.82	4	3.74 ± 0.87	6	0.37	4.90	<.001	1.52	6	HH
10	4.06 ± 0.88	7	3.70 ± 0.95	8	0.36	3.94	<.001	1.45	8	LL
11	4.07 ± 0.74	6	3.74 ± 0.87	6	0.33	3.99	<.001	1.36	6	LL
12	4.04 ± 0.72	9	3.62 ± 0.89	12	0.42	5.47	<.001	1.68	12	HL
13	3.99 ± 0.81	11	3.65 ± 0.90	10	0.33	4.07	<.001	1.33	10	LL

Educational needs of care coordinators using the Locus for Focus Model.
Cut-off value: Importance = 4.08, difference (importance-performance) = 0.37.
Educational needs in Quadrant 1, such as no. 7 (referring to community residents with health care and social welfare needs to adequate services), no. 4 (accurately determining patients’ comprehensive needs), and no. 5 (contributing to developing care plans to meet individuals’ health and social care needs), were the urgently addressed educational needs of community-care coordinators.

Table 5

Educational needs for healthcare and social-care service providers in integrated care.

ITEM NO. (N = 71)	IMPORTANCE		PERFORMANCE		IMPORTANCE MINUS PERFORMANCE	PAIRED T	P	BORICH SCORE	BORICH RANK	QUADRANT IN LOCUS FOR FOCUS MODEL
ITEM NO. (N = 71)	MEAN ± SD	RANK	MEAN ± SD	RANK	MEAN ± SD	PAIRED T	P	BORICH SCORE	BORICH RANK	QUADRANT IN LOCUS FOR FOCUS MODEL
1	4.56 ± 0.63	2	4.01 ± 0.84	1	0.55 ± 0.79	5.87	<.001	2.51	6	LH
2	4.55 ± 0.65	3	3.82 ± 0.95	11	0.73 ± 1.04	5.93	<.001	3.33	2	HH
3	4.48 ± 0.73	6	3.72 ± 1.03	13	0.76 ± 1.08	5.96	<.001	3.41	1	HH
4	4.51 ± 0.71	4	3.97 ± 0.89	4	0.54 ± 0.77	5.85	<.001	2.41	7	LH
5	4.51 ± 0.67	4	4.00 ± 0.79	2	0.51 ± 0.77	5.53	<.001	2.29	8	LH
6	4.37 ± 0.81	12	3.89 ± 0.98	8	0.48 ± 0.94	4.30	<.001	2.09	11	LL
7	4.48 ± 0.71	6	4.00 ± 0.88	2	0.48 ± 0.83	4.89	<.001	2.14	10	LH
8	4.48 ± 0.65	6	3.89 ± 0.95	8	0.59 ± 1.02	4.88	<.001	2.65	5	HH
9	4.58 ± 0.62	1	3.97 ± 0.91	4	0.61 ± 0.80	6.37	<.001	2.77	3	HH
10	4.46 ± 0.67	9	3.96 ± 0.80	6	0.51 ± 0.75	5.67	<.001	2.26	9	LL
11	4.31 ± 0.77	13	3.89 ± 0.80	8	0.42 ± 0.84	4.24	<.001	1.82	13	LL
12	4.39 ± 0.69	10	3.94 ± 0.81	7	0.45 ± 0.81	4.71	<.001	1.98	12	LL
13	4.39 ± 0.69	10	3.77 ± 0.87	12	0.62 ± 0.80	6.53	<.001	2.72	4	HL

. Educational needs of healthcare and social care service providers using the Locus for Focus Model. Cut-off value: Importance = 4.47, difference (importance-performance) = 0.56.
Educational needs in Quadrant 1, such as no. 3 (promoting local services effectively), no. 2 (planning local services based on the needs of community residents), and no. 9 (helping community residents confront emergencies/crises) were the urgently addressed educational needs of healthcare and social care service providers.

Table 6

Educational needs for community health champions in integrated care.

ITEM NO. (N = 64)	IMPORTANCE		PERFORMANCE		IMPORTANCE MINUS PERFORMANCE	PAIRED T	P	BORICH SCORE	BORICH RANK	QUADRANT IN LOCUS FOR FOCUS MODEL
ITEM NO. (N = 64)	MEAN ± SD	RANK	MEAN ± SD	RANK	MEAN ± SD	PAIRED T	P	BORICH SCORE	BORICH RANK	QUADRANT IN LOCUS FOR FOCUS MODEL
1	4.14 ± 0.77	1	3.47 ± 0.94	7	0.67 ± 0.96	5.597	<.001	2.78	1	HH
2	3.94 ± 0.85	7	3.48 ± 0.94	5	0.45 ± 0.85	4.249	<.001	1.78	7	LL
3	3.78 ± 0.83	12	3.33 ± 0.91	12	0.45 ± 0.94	3.850	<.001	1.71	8	LL
4	3.92 ± 0.90	8	3.36 ± 0.98	11	0.56 ± 0.97	4.621	<.001	2.21	2	HL
5	4.08 ± 0.88	2	3.61 ± 1.00	2	0.47 ± 1.01	3.722	<.001	1.91	5	LH
6	3.98 ± 0.85	6	3.59 ± 0.97	3	0.39 ± 0.92	3.400	.001	1.56	12	LH
7	4.03 ± 0.84	3	3.63 ± 0.95	1	0.41 ± 1.03	3.141	.003	1.64	9	LH
8	4.00 ± 0.87	4	3.48 ± 0.98	5	0.52 ± 1.02	4.031	<.001	2.06	4	HH
9	4.00 ± 0.84	4	3.47 ± 0.89	7	0.53 ± 0.94	4.510	<.001	2.13	3	HH
10	3.86 ± 0.91	11	3.44 ± 0.97	10	0.42 ± 0.92	3.659	.001	1.63	10	LL
11	3.91 ± 0.83	10	3.50 ± 0.89	4	0.41 ± 0.89	3.669	.001	1.59	11	LL
12	3.92 ± 0.86	8	3.45 ± 0.92	9	0.47 ± 0.82	4.596	<.001	1.84	6	LL

Educational needs of community health champions using the Locus for Focus Model. Cut-off value: Importance = 3.96, difference (importance-performance) = 0.48.
Educational needs in Quadrant 1, such as no. 1 (identifying health and social care-related problems of community residents), no. 9 (cooperating with community-based organizations/institutions for integrated care), and no. 8 (playing a leading role when designing health- and social-related business plans for community residents), were the urgently addressed educational needs of community health champions.

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.7674 | Journal eISSN: 1568-4156

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Language: English

Submitted on: May 25, 2023

Accepted on: Apr 17, 2024

Published on: May 6, 2024

Published by: Ubiquity Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

integrated health care systems,

community health services,

interprofessional education,

patient-centered care,

needs assessment

© 2024 Myonghwa Park, Eunjeong Choi, Miri Jeong, Hyun-Ju Seo, Jahyeon Kim, Eunkyung Seo, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 24 (2024): Issue 2

Interprofessional Educational Needs for Shared Governance of Integrated Care

Figures & Tables

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