Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Investigating Reading Comprehension in Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities: Evaluating the Simple View of Reading Cover

Investigating Reading Comprehension in Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities: Evaluating the Simple View of Reading

Open Access
|Sep 2021

References

  1. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. DOI: 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
  2. Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411423. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
  3. Aust, F. (2016). citr: ‘RStudio’ Add-in to Insert Markdown Citations. Retrieved from https://cran.r-project.org/package=citr
  4. Aust, F., & Barth, M. (2020). papaja: Create APA manuscripts with R Markdown. Retrieved from https://github.com/crsh/papaja
  5. Bentler, P. M., & Chou, C.-P. (1987). Practical issues in structural modeling. DOI: 10.1177/0049124187016001004
  6. Bishop, D. V. M. (2003). Test for Reception of Grammar version 2, TROG-2 Manual (Svensk ver). Stockholm: Pearson Assessment.
  7. Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York, NY: Wiley. DOI: 10.1002/9781118619179
  8. Braze, D., Tabor, W., Shankweiler, D. P., & Mencl, W. E. (2007). Speaking up for vocabulary: Reading skill differences in young adults. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 40(3), 226243. DOI: 10.1177/00222194070400030401
  9. Byrne, B. M. (2008). Testing for multigroup equivalence of a measuring instrument: A walk through the process. Psicothema, 20(4), 872882.
  10. Cain, K., Oakhill, J., & Bryant, P. (2004). Children’s reading comprehension ability: Concurrent prediction by working memory, verbal ability, and component skills. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(1), 3142. DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.96.1.31
  11. Catts, H. W., Kamhi, A. G., & Adlof, S. M. (2012). Defining and classifying reading disabilities. In A. G. Kamhi & H. W. Catts (Eds.), Language and reading disabilities (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
  12. Christopher, M. E., Miyake, A., Keenan, J. M., Pennington, B. F., DeFries, J. C., Wadsworth, S. J., … Olson, R. K. (2012). Predicting word reading and comprehension with executive function and speed measures across development: A latent variable analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(3), 470488. DOI: 10.1037/a0027375
  13. Danielsson, H., Henry, L. A., Messer, D., & Rönnberg, J. (2012). Strengths and weaknesses in executive functioning in children with intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33(2), 600607. DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.11.004
  14. Danielsson, H., Henry, L. A., Rönnberg, J., & Nilsson, L.-G. (2010). Executive functions in individuals with intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31(6), 12991304. DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.07.012
  15. Delis, D. C., Kaplan, E., & Kramer, J. H. (2001). Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS). London: Psychological Corporation. DOI: 10.1037/t15082-000
  16. Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, L. M. (1997). PPVT-III: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service. DOI: 10.1037/t15145-000
  17. Elwér, Å., Fridolfsson, I., Samuelsson, S., & Wiklund, C. (2016). Läst- test i läsförståelse, läsning och stavning för årskurs, 1–6. Stockholm: Hogrefe.
  18. Elwér, Å., Keenan, J. M., Olson, R. K., Byrne, B., & Samuelsson, S. (2013). Longitudinal stability and predictors of poor oral comprehenders and poor decoders. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 115(3), 497516. DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2012.12.001
  19. Fletcher, J. M., Shaywitz, S. E., Shankweiler, D. P., Katz, L., Liberman, I. Y., Stuebing, K. K., … Shaywitz, B. A. (1994). Cognitive profiles of reading disability: Comparisons of discrepancy and low achievement definitions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86(1), 623. DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.86.1.6
  20. Fuchs, D., & Young, C. L. (2006). On the irrelevance of intelligence in predicting responsiveness to reading instruction. Exceptional Children, 73(1), 830. DOI: 10.1177/001440290607300101
  21. Garcia, J. R., & Cain, K. (2014). Decoding and reading comprehension: A meta-analysis to identify which reader and assessment characteristics influence the strength of the relationship in english. Review of Educational Research, 84(1), 74111. DOI: 10.3102/0034654313499616
  22. Gardner, M. F. (1996). Test of Visual Perceptual Skills (non-motor) Revised, TVPS-R Manual. Novato, CA: Academic Therapy Publications.
  23. Gough, P. B., & Tunmer, W. E. (1986). Decoding, reading, and reading disability. Remedial and Special Education: RASE, 7(1), 610. DOI: 10.1145/2661334.2661373
  24. Henry, L. A. (2001). How does the severity of a learning disability affect working memory performance? Memory, 9(4–6), 233247. DOI: 10.1080/09658210042000085
  25. Henry, L. A., & Winfield, J. (2010). Working memory and educational achievement in children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(4), 354365. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01264.x
  26. Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 5360. DOI: 10.1037/1082-989X.12.1.58
  27. Hoover, W. A., & Gough, P. B. (1990). The simple view of reading. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2, 127160. DOI: 10.1007/BF00401799
  28. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 155. DOI: 10.1080/10705519909540118
  29. Hulme, C., & Snowling, M. J. (2011). Children’s reading comprehension difficulties. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(3), 139142. DOI: 10.1177/0963721411408673
  30. Hulslander, J., Olson, R. K., Willcutt, E., & Wadsworth, S. J. (2010). Longitudinal stability of reading-related skills and their prediction of reading development. Scientific Studies of Reading, 14(2), 111136. DOI: 10.1080/10888431003604058
  31. Hyvärinen, L., Näsänen, R., & Laurinen, P. (1980). New visual acuity test for pre-school children. Acta Ophthalmologica, 58(4), 507511. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1980.tb08291.x
  32. Jolliffe, I. T. (2002). Principal component analysis (2nd ed). New York, NY: Springer.
  33. Jones, F. W., Long, K., & Finlay, W. M. L. (2006). Assessing the reading comprehension of adults with learning disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research: JIDR, 50(Pt 6), 410418. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00787.x
  34. Juel, C., Griffith, P. L., & Gough, P. B. (1986). Acquisition of literacy: A longitudinal study of children in first and second grade. Journal of Educational Psychology, 78(4), 243255. DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.78.4.243
  35. Kim, Y.-S. (2015). Language and cognitive predictors of text comprehension: Evidence from multivariate analysis. Child Development, 86(1), 128144. DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12293
  36. Kim, Y.-S. (2016). Direct and mediated effects of language and cognitive skills on comprehension of oral narrative texts (listening comprehension) for children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 141, 101120. DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2015.08.003
  37. Kintsch, W., & Rawson, K. A. (2005). Comprehension. In M. J. Snowling & C. Hulme (Eds.), The science of reading: A handbook (pp. 209226). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  38. Kirby, J. R., & Savage, R. S. (2008). Can the simple view deal with the complexities of reading? Literacy, 42(2), 7582. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4369.2008.00487.x
  39. LARRC. (2017). Oral language and listening comprehension: Same or different constructs? Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 60, 137. May. DOI: 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-L-16-0039
  40. Lervåg, A., Hulme, C., & Melby-Lervåg, M. (2017). Unpicking the developmental relationship between oral language skills and reading comprehension: It’s simple, but complex. Child Development, 118. DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12861
  41. Merkle, E., & You, D. (2016). nonnest2: Tests of Non-Nested Models. Retrieved from https://cran.r-project.org/package=nonnest2
  42. Molen, M. J. van der, Henry, L. A., & Luit, J. E. H. van. (2014). Working memory development in children with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 58(7), 637650. DOI: 10.1111/jir.12061
  43. Muter, V., Hulme, C., Snowling, M. J., & Stevenson, J. (2004). Phonemes, rimes, vocabulary, and grammatical skills as foundations of early reading development: Evidence from a longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 40(5), 665681. DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.40.5.665
  44. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2009). How to use a Monte Carlo study to decide on sample size and determine power. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(4), 599620. DOI: 10.1207/S15328007SEM0904_8
  45. Nash, H. M., & Heath, J. (2011). The role of vocabulary, working memory and inference making ability in reading comprehension in Down syndrome. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(5), 17821791. DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.03.007
  46. Nation, K. (2005). Children’s Reading Comprehension Difficulties. In M. J. Snowling & C. Hulme (Eds.), The science of reading: A handbook (pp. 248265). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. DOI: 10.1002/9780470757642.ch14
  47. Nation, K., Adams, J. W., Bowyer-Crane, C. A., & Snowling, M. J. (1999). Working memory deficits in poor comprehenders reflect underlying language impairments. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 73(2), 139158. DOI: 10.1006/jecp.1999.2498
  48. Nation, K., Clarke, P. J., & Snowling, M. J. (2002). General cognitive ability in children with reading comprehension difficulties. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 549560. DOI: 10.1348/00070990260377604
  49. Nation, K., Cocksey, J., Taylor, J. S. H., & Bishop, D. V. M. (2010). A longitudinal investigation of early reading and language skills in children with poor reading comprehension. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(9), 10311039. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02254.x
  50. Nation, K., & Snowling, M. J. (1998). Semantic processing and the development of word-recognition skills: Evidence from children with reading comprehension difficulties. Journal of Memory and Language, 39, 85101. DOI: 10.1006/jmla.1998.2564
  51. Nilsson, K., Danielsson, H., Elwér, Å., Messer, D., Henry, L. A., & Samuelsson, S. (2021). Decoding Abilities in Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities: The Contribution of Cognition, Language, and Home Literacy. In review.
  52. Nouwens, S., Groen, M. A., Kleemans, T., & Verhoeven, L. (2017). The role of semantic retrieval in children’s reading comprehension development in the upper primary grades. Journal of Research in Reading, 118. DOI: 10.1111/1467-9817.12128
  53. Oakhill, J., & Cain, K. (2012). The precursors of reading ability in young readers: Evidence from a four-year longitudinal study. Scientific Studies of Reading, 16(2), 91121. DOI: 10.1080/10888438.2010.529219
  54. Olson, R. K., Forsberg, H., Wise, B., & Rack, J. (1994). Measurement of word recognition, orthographic, and phonological skills. In G. R. Lyon (Ed.), Frames of reference for the assessment of learning disabilities: New views on measurement issues (pp. 243277). Baltimore: Paul H Brookes Publishing.
  55. Ouellette, G. P. (2006). What’s meaning got to do with it: The role of vocabulary in word reading and reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(3), 554566. DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.98.3.554
  56. Ouellette, G. P., & Beers, A. (2010). A not-so-simple view of reading: How oral vocabulary and visual-word recognition complicate the story. Reading and Writing, 23(2), 189208. DOI: 10.1007/s11145-008-9159-1
  57. Parrila, R., Kirby, J. R., & McQuarrie, L. (2004). Articulation rate, naming speed, verbal short-term memory, and phonological awareness: Longitudinal predictors of early reading development? Scientific Studies of Reading, 8(1), 326. DOI: 10.1207/s1532799xssr0801_2
  58. Perfetti, C. (2007). Reading ability: Lexical quality to comprehension. Scientific Studies of Reading, 11(4), 357383. DOI: 10.1080/10888430701530730
  59. Perfetti, C., & Stafura, J. (2014). Word knowledge in a theory of reading comprehension. Scientific Studies of Reading, 18(1), 2237. DOI: 10.1080/10888438.2013.827687
  60. R Core Team. (2017). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from https://www.r-project.org/
  61. Rashid, F. L., Morris, R. D., & Sevcik, R. A. (2005). Relationship between home literacy environment and reading achievement in children with reading disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 38(1), 211. DOI: 10.1177/00222194050380010101
  62. Rayner, K., Juhasz, B. J., & Pollatsek, A. (2005). Eye movements during reading. In M. J. Snowling & C. Hulme (Eds.), The science of reading: A handbook (pp. 7997). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. DOI: 10.1002/9780470757642.ch5
  63. Roch, M., & Levorato, M. C. (2009). Simple view of reading in Down’s syndrome: the role of listening comprehension and reading skills. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 44(2), 206223. DOI: 10.1080/13682820802012061
  64. Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: An R Package for Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 136. Retrieved from http://www.jstatsoft.org/v48/i02/. DOI: 10.18637/jss.v048.i02
  65. Scarborough, H. S. (1998). Predicting the future achievement of second graders with reading disabilities: Contributions of phonemic awareness, verbal memory, rapid naming, and IQ. Annals of Dyslexia, 48, 115136. DOI: 10.1007/s11881-998-0006-5
  66. Schreiber, J. B., Nora, A., Stage, F. K., Barlow, E. A., King, J., Nora, A., & Barlow, E. A. (2006). Reportig structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: A review. The Journal of Educational Research, 99(6), 232338. DOI: 10.3200/JOER.99.6.323-338
  67. Segers, E., Damhuis, C. M. P., van de Sande, E., & Verhoeven, L. (2016). Role of executive functioning and home environment in early reading development. Learning and Individual Differences, 49, 251259. DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2016.07.004
  68. Semel, E., Wiig, E. H., & Secord, W. A. (2003). Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals: Fourth Edition, Manual (Svensk ver). Stockholm: Pearson Assessment.
  69. Sermier Dessemontet, R., & de Chambrier, A.-F.. (2015). The role of phonological awareness and letter-sound knowledge in the reading development of children with intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 41–42, 112. DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.04.001
  70. Stanovich, K. E. (1988). Explaining the differences between the dyslexic and the garden-variety poor reader: The phonological-core variable-difference model. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 21(10), 590604. DOI: 10.1177/002221948802101003
  71. Stanovich, K. E., Cunningham, A. E., & Feeman, D. J. (1984). Intelligence, cognitive skills, and early reading progress. Reading Research Quarterly, 19(3), 278303. DOI: 10.2307/747822
  72. Steiger, J. H. (2007). Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 893898. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.017
  73. Stothard, S. E., & Hulme, C. (1992). Reading comprehension difficulties in children: The role of language comprehension and working memory skills. Reading and Writing, 4, 245256. DOI: 10.1007/BF01027150
  74. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). New York: Allyn; Bacon.
  75. Tiu, R. D., Thompson, L. A., & Lewis, B. A. (2003). The role of IQ in a component model of reading. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 36(5), 424436. DOI: 10.1177/00222194030360050401
  76. Torppa, M., Georgiou, G. K., Lerkkanen, M.-K., Niemi, P., Poikkeus, A.-M., & Nurmi, J.-E. (2016). Examining the simple view of reading in a transparent orthography: A longitudinal study from kindergarten to grade 3. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 62(2), 179206. DOI: 10.13110/merrpalmquar1982.62.2.0179
  77. Tunmer, W. E., & Chapman, J. W. (2012). The simple view of reading redux: Vocabulary knowledge and the independent components hypothesis. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 45(5), 453466. DOI: 10.1177/0022219411432685
  78. van Buuren, S., & Groothuis-Oudshoorn, K. (2011). mice: Multivariate imputation by chained equations in r. Journal of Statistical Software, 45(3), 167. Retrieved from https://www.jstatsoft.org/v45/i03/. DOI: 10.18637/jss.v045.i03
  79. van Tilborg, A., Segers, E., van Balkom, H., & Verhoeven, L. (2014). Predictors of early literacy skills in children with intellectual disabilities: A clinical perspective. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35, 16741685. DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.03.025
  80. van Wingerden, E., Segers, E., & van Balkom, H. (2017). Foundations of reading comprehension in children with intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 60, 211222. DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.10.015
  81. van Wingerden, E., Segers, E., van Balkom, H., & Verhoeven, L. (2014). Cognitive and linguistic predictors of reading comprehension in children with intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35(11), 31393147. DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.07.054
  82. van Wingerden, E., Segers, E., van Balkom, H., & Verhoeven, L. (2018). Cognitive constraints on the simple view of reading: A longitudinal study in children with intellectual disabilities. Scientific Studies of Reading, 114. DOI: 10.1080/10888438.2018.1446435
  83. Vellutino, F. R., Scanlon, D. M., & Lyon, G. R. (2000). Differentiating between difficult-to-remediate and readily remediated poor readers: more evidence against the IQ-achievement discrepancy definition of reading disability. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 33(3), 223238. DOI: 10.1177/002221940003300302
  84. Verhoeven, L., & van Leeuwe, J. (2008). Prediction of the development of reading comprehension: A longitudinal study. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22, 407423. DOI: 10.1002/acp. DOI: 10.1002/acp.1414
  85. Verhoeven, L., & van Leeuwe, J. (2012). The simple view of second language reading throughout the primary grades. Reading and Writing, 25(8), 18051818. DOI: 10.1007/s11145-011-9346-3
  86. Verhoeven, L., & Vermeer, A. (2006). Literacy achievement of children with intellectual disabilities and differing linguistic backgrounds. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50(10), 725738. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00838.x
  87. Vuong, Q. H. (1989). Likelihood ratio tests for model selection and non-nested hypotheses. Econometrica, 57(2), 307333. DOI: 10.2307/1912557
  88. Wagner, R. K., Torgesen, J. K., & Rashotte, C. A. (1999). The Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processes (CTOPP). Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
  89. Wechsler, D. (2014). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for ChildrenFifth Edition. Stockholm: Pearson Assessment.
  90. Wei, X., Blackorby, J., & Schiller, E. (2011). Growth in reading achievement of students with disabilities, ages 7 to 17. Exceptional Children, 78(1), 89106. DOI: 10.1177/001440291107800106
  91. Wickham, H. (2017). tidyverse: Easily Install and Load the ‘Tidyverse’. Retrieved from https://cran.r-project.org/package=tidyverse
  92. Wolf, E. J., Harrington, K. M., Clark, S. L., & Miller, M. W. (2015). Sample size requirements for structural equation models: An evaluation of power, bias, and solution propriety. National Institutes of Health, 76(6), 913934. DOI: 10.1177/0013164413495237
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.188 | Journal eISSN: 2514-4820
Language: English
Submitted on: Nov 23, 2017
Accepted on: Aug 25, 2021
Published on: Sep 13, 2021
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2021 Karin Nilsson, Henrik Danielsson, Åsa Elwér, David Messer, Lucy Henry, Stefan Samuelsson, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.