Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Phasic Alertness is Unaffected by the Attentional Set for Orienting Cover

Phasic Alertness is Unaffected by the Attentional Set for Orienting

Open Access
|Oct 2022

References

  1. Asanowicz, D., & Panek, B. (2020). Phasic alerting facilitates endogenous orienting of spatial attention: evidence from event-related lateralizations of the EEG. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 82(4), 16441653. DOI: 10.3758/s13414-019-01958-3
  2. Aston-Jones, G., & Cohen, J. D. (2005). An integrative theory of locus coeruleus-norepinephrine function: adaptive gain and optimal performance. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 28(1), 403450. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135709
  3. Awh, E., Matsukura, M., & Serences, J. T. (2003). Top-down control over biased competition during covert spatial orienting. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 29(1), 5263. DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.29.1.52
  4. Bakeman, R. (2005). Recommended effect size statistics for repeated measures designs. Behavior Research Methods, 37(3), 379384. DOI: 10.3758/BF03192707
  5. Botta, F., Lupiáñez, J., & Chica, A. B. (2014). When endogenous spatial attention improves conscious perception: effects of alerting and bottom-up activation. Consciousness and Cognition, 23, 6373. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2013.12.003
  6. Bridges, D., Pitiot, A., MacAskill, M. R., & Peirce, J. W. (2020). The timing mega-study: comparing a range of experiment generators, both lab-based and online. PeerJ, 8, e9414. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9414
  7. Bundesen, C. (1990). A theory of visual attention. Psychological Review, 97(4), 523547. DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.97.4.523
  8. Bundesen, C., Habekost, T., & Kyllingsbæk, S. (2005). A neural theory of visual attention: bridging cognition and neurophysiology. Psychological Review, 112(2), 291328. DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.112.2.291
  9. Bundesen, C., Vangkilde, S., & Habekost, T. (2015). Components of visual bias: a multiplicative hypothesis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1339(1), 116124. DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12665
  10. Callejas, A., Lupiàñez, J., Funes, M. J., & Tudela, P. (2005). Modulations among the alerting, orienting and executive control networks. Experimental Brain Research, 167(1), 2737. DOI: 10.1007/s00221-005-2365-z
  11. Carrasco, M. (2011). Visual attention: the past 25 years. Vision Research, 51(13), 14841525. DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2011.04.012
  12. Champely, S., Ekstrom, C., Dalgaard, P., Gill, J., Weibelzahl, S., Anandkumar, A., Ford, C., Volcic, R., & De Rosario, H. (2018). Package ‘pwr’. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/pwr/index.html
  13. Chandrakumar, D., Keage, H. A. D., Gutteridge, D., Dorrian, J., Banks, S., & Loetscher, T. (2019). Interactions between spatial attention and alertness in healthy adults: a meta-analysis. Cortex, 119, 6173. DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.03.016
  14. Charness, G., Gneezy, U., & Kuhn, M. A. (2012). Experimental methods: between-subject and within-subject design. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 81(1), 18. DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2011.08.009
  15. Chica, A. B., Lasaponara, S., Chanes, L., Valero-Cabré, A., Doricchi, F., Lupiáñez, J., & Bartolomeo, P. (2011). Spatial attention and conscious perception: the role of endogenous and exogenous orienting. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 73(4), 10651081. DOI: 10.3758/s13414-010-0082-6
  16. Chica, A. B., Martín-Arévalo, E., Botta, F., & Lupiáñez, J. (2014). The spatial orienting paradigm: how to design and interpret spatial attention experiments. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 40, 3551. DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.01.002
  17. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  18. Corbetta, M., Akbudak, E., Conturo, T. E., Snyder, A. Z., Ollinger, J. M., Drury, H. A., Linenweber, M. R., Petersen, S. E., Raichle, M. E., Van Essen, D. C., & Shulman, G. L. (1998). A common network of functional areas for attention and eye movements. Neuron, 21(4), 761773. DOI: 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80593-0
  19. Corbetta, M., Kincade, J. M., Ollinger, J. M., McAvoy, M. P., & Shulman, G. L. (2000). Voluntary orienting is dissociated from target detection in human posterior parietal cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 3(3), 292297. DOI: 10.1038/73009
  20. de Leeuw, J. R. (2015). jsPsych: a javaScript library for creating behavioral experiments in a web browser. Behavior Research Methods, 47(1), 112. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-014-0458-y
  21. Desimone, R., & Duncan, J. (1995). Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 18(1), 193222. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ne.18.030195.001205
  22. Duncan, J., & Humphreys, G. W. (1989). Visual search and stimulus similarity. Psychological Review, 96, 433458. DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.96.3.433
  23. Eckstein, M. P., Pham, B. T., & Shimozaki, S. S. (2004). The footprints of visual attention during search with 100% valid and 100% invalid cues. Vision Research, 44(12), 11931207. DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2003.10.026
  24. Eriksen, B. A., & Eriksen, C. W. (1974). Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task. Perception & Psychophysics, 16(1), 143149. DOI: 10.3758/BF03203267
  25. Eriksen, C. W., & Hoffman, J. E. (1973). The extent of processing of noise elements during selective encoding from visual displays. Perception & Psychophysics, 14(1), 155160. DOI: 10.3758/BF03198630
  26. Eriksen, C. W., & Yeh, Y.-Y. (1985). Allocation of attention in the visual field. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 11(5), 583597. DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.11.5.583
  27. Fan, J., Mccandliss, B. D., Fossella, J., Flombaum, J., & Posner, M. I. (2005). The activation of attentional networks. NeuroImage, 26(2), 471479. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.004
  28. Fan, J., McCandliss, B. D., Sommer, T., Raz, A., & Posner, M. I. (2002). Testing the efficiency and independence of attentional networks. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(3), 340347. DOI: 10.1162/089892902317361886
  29. Fernandez-Duque, D., & Posner, M. I. (1997). Relating the mechanisms of orienting and alerting. Neuropsychologia, 35(4), 477486. DOI: 10.1016/S0028-3932(96)00103-0
  30. Festa-Martino, E., Ott, B. R., & Heindel, W. C. (2004). Interactions between phasic alerting and spatial orienting: effects of normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychology, 18(2), 258268. DOI: 10.1037/0894-4105.18.2.258
  31. Folk, C. L., Remington, R. W., & Johnston, J. C. (1992). Involuntary covert orienting is contingent on attentional control settings. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18(4), 10301044. DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.18.4.1030
  32. Fuentes, L. J., & Campoy, G. (2008). The time course of alerting effect over orienting in the attention network test. Experimental Brain Research, 185(4), 667672. DOI: 10.1007/s00221-007-1193-8
  33. Gabay, S., & Henik, A. (2010). Temporal expectancy modulates inhibition of return in a discrimination task. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 17(1), 4751. DOI: 10.3758/PBR.17.1.47
  34. Gabay, S., Pertzov, Y., & Henik, A. (2011). Orienting of attention, pupil size, and the norepinephrine system. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 73(1), 123129. DOI: 10.3758/s13414-010-0015-4
  35. Gibson, B. S., & Kelsey, E. M. (1998). Stimulus-driven attentional capture is contingent on attentional set for displaywide visual features. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24(3), 699706. DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.24.3.699
  36. Hackley, S. A. (2009). The speeding of voluntary reaction by a warning signal. Psychophysiology, 46(2), 225233. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00716.x
  37. Hackley, S. A., & Valle-Inclán, F. (1998). Automatic alerting does not speed late motoric processes in a reaction-time task. Nature, 391(6669), 786788. DOI: 10.1038/35849
  38. Haupt, M., Sorg, C., Napiórkowski, N., & Finke, K. (2018). Phasic alertness cues modulate visual processing speed in healthy aging. Neurobiology of Aging, 70, 3039. DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.05.034
  39. Hoffman, J. E. (1975). Hierarchical stages in the processing of visual information. Perception & Psychophysics, 18(5), 348354. DOI: 10.3758/BF03211211
  40. Ishigami, Y., & Klein, R. M. (2010). Repeated measurement of the components of attention using two versions of the Attention Network Test (ANT): stability, isolability, robustness, and reliability. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 190(1), 117128. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.04.019
  41. Johnson, D. N., & Yantis, S. (1995). Allocating visual attention: tests of a two-process model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21(6), 13761390. DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.21.6.1376
  42. Jonides, J. (1981). Voluntary versus automatic control over the mind’s eye’s movement. In Attention and performance IX (pp. 187203). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  43. Karpouzian-Rogers, T., Heindel, W. C., Ott, B. R., Tremont, G., & Festa, E. K. (2020). Phasic alerting enhances spatial orienting in healthy aging but not in mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychology, 34(2), 144154. DOI: 10.1037/neu0000593
  44. Kastner, S., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2000). Mechanisms of visual attention in the human cortex. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 23(1), 315341. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.315
  45. Klein, R. M. (2000). Inhibition of return. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(4), 138147. DOI: 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01452-2
  46. Kusnir, F., Chica, A. B., Mitsumasu, M. A., & Bartolomeo, P. (2011). Phasic auditory alerting improves visual conscious perception. Consciousness and Cognition, 20(4), 12011210. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2011.01.012
  47. Lavie, N. (1995). Perceptual load as a necessary condition for selective attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21(3), 451468. DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.21.3.451
  48. Lawrence, M. A. (2016). Easy analysis and visualization of factorial experiments. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ez/index.html
  49. Leber, A. B., & Egeth, H. E. (2006). Attention on autopilot: past experience and attentional set. Visual Cognition, 14(4–8), 565583. DOI: 10.1080/13506280500193438
  50. Lin, Z., & Lu, Z.-L. (2016). Automaticity of phasic alertness: evidence for a three-component model of visual cueing. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 78, 19481967. DOI: 10.3758/s13414-016-1124-5
  51. Lupiáñez, J., Milán, E. G., Tornay, F. J., Madrid, E., & Tudela, P. (1997). Does IOR occur in discrimination tasks? Yes, it does, but later. Perception & Psychophysics, 59(8), 12411254. DOI: 10.3758/BF03214211
  52. Matthias, E., Bublak, P., Müller, H. J., Schneider, W. X., Krummenacher, J., & Finke, K. (2010). The influence of alertness on spatial and nonspatial components of visual attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 36(1), 3856. DOI: 10.1037/a0017602
  53. McCormick, C. R., Redden, R. S., Hurst, A. J., & Klein, R. M. (2019). On the selection of endogenous and exogenous signals. Royal Society Open Science, 6(11), 190134. DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190134
  54. Moran, J., & Desimone, R. (1985). Selective attention gates visual processing in the extrastriate cortex. Science, 229(4715), 782784. DOI: 10.1126/science.4023713
  55. Morey, R. D. (2008). Confidence intervals from normalized data: a correction to Cousineau (2005). Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 4(2), 6164. DOI: 10.20982/tqmp.04.2.p061
  56. Morey, R. D., & Rouder, J. N. (2021). BayesFactor: computation of Bayes Factors for common designs. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/BayesFactor/index.html
  57. Mulckhuyse, M., & Theeuwes, J. (2010). Unconscious attentional orienting to exogenous cues: a review of the literature. Acta Psychologica, 134(3), 299309. DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.03.002
  58. Nobre, A. C., & van Ede, F. (2017). Anticipated moments: temporal structure in attention. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 19(1), 3448. DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.141
  59. Open Science Tools Ltd. (2019). Pavlovia. https://pavlovia.org/
  60. Pachella, R. G. (1974). The interpretation of reaction time in information-processing research. In Human information processing: Tutorials in performance and cognition (pp. 4182). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. DOI: 10.4324/9781003176688-2
  61. Peirce, J., Gray, J. R., Simpson, S., MacAskill, M., Höchenberger, R., Sogo, H., Kastman, E., & Lindeløv, J. K. (2019). PsychoPy2: experiments in behavior made easy. Behavior Research Methods, 51(1), 195203. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-018-01193-y
  62. Petersen, A., Petersen, A. H., Bundesen, C., Vangkilde, S., & Habekost, T. (2017). The effect of phasic auditory alerting on visual perception. Cognition, 165, 7381. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2017.04.004
  63. Petersen, S. E., & Posner, M. I. (2012). The attention system of the human brain: 20 years after. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 35(1), 7389. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150525
  64. Posner, M. I., & Boies, S. J. (1971). Components of attention. Psychological Review, 78(5), 391408. DOI: 10.1037/h0031333
  65. Posner, M. I., & Cohen, Y. (1984). Components of visual orienting. In Attention and performance X: Control of language processes (pp. 531556). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  66. Posner, M. I., Klein, R., Summers, J., & Buggie, S. (1973). On the selection of signals. Memory & Cognition, 1(1), 212. DOI: 10.3758/BF03198062
  67. Posner, M. I., & Petersen, S. E. (1990). The attention system of the human brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 13(1), 2542. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.000325
  68. Posner, M. I., Snyder, C. R. R., & Davidson, B. J. (1980). Attention and the detection of signals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 109(2), 160174. DOI: 10.1037/0096-3445.109.2.160
  69. Poth, C. H. (2020). Phasic alertness reverses the beneficial effects of accessory stimuli on choice reaction. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 82(3), 11961204. DOI: 10.3758/s13414-019-01825-1
  70. Poth, C. H. (2021). Urgency forces stimulus-driven action by overcoming cognitive control. ELife, 10, e73682. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.73682
  71. Poth, C. H., Petersen, A., Bundesen, C., & Schneider, W. X. (2014). Effects of monitoring for visual events on distinct components of attention. Frontiers in Psychology, 5. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00930
  72. R Core Team. (2021). R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/
  73. Raz, A., & Buhle, J. (2006). Typologies of attentional networks. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7(5), 367379. DOI: 10.1038/nrn1903
  74. Riggio, L., & Kirsner, K. (1997). The relationship between central cues and peripheral cues in covert visual orientation. Perception & Psychophysics, 59(6), 885899. DOI: 10.3758/BF03205506
  75. Rouder, J. N., Speckman, P. L., Sun, D., Morey, R. D., & Iverson, G. (2009). Bayesian t tests for accepting and rejecting the null hypothesis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(2), 225237. DOI: 10.3758/PBR.16.2.225
  76. Sturm, W., & Willmes, K. (2001). On the functional neuroanatomy of intrinsic and phasic alertness. NeuroImage, 14(1), S76S84. DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2001.0839
  77. Theeuwes, J. (1991). Exogenous and endogenous control of attention: the effect of visual onsets and offsets. Perception & Psychophysics, 49(1), 8390. DOI: 10.3758/BF03211619
  78. Thiel, C. M., Zilles, K., & Fink, G. R. (2004). Cerebral correlates of alerting, orienting and reorienting of visuospatial attention: an event-related fMRI study. Neuroimage, 21(1), 318328. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.08.044
  79. Treisman, A. M., & Gelade, G. (1980). A feature-integration theory of attention. Cognitive Psychology, 12(1), 97136. DOI: 10.1016/0010-0285(80)90005-5
  80. van Doorn, J., van den Bergh, D., Böhm, U., Dablander, F., Derks, K., Draws, T., Etz, A., Evans, N. J., Gronau, Q. F., Haaf, J. M., Hinne, M., Kucharský, Š., Ly, A., Marsman, M., Matzke, D., Gupta, A. R. K. N., Sarafoglou, A., Stefan, A., Voelkel, J. G., & Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2021). The JASP guidelines for conducting and reporting a Bayesian analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 28(3), 813826. DOI: 10.3758/s13423-020-01798-5
  81. Vossel, S., Thiel, C. M., & Fink, G. R. (2006). Cue validity modulates the neural correlates of covert endogenous orienting of attention in parietal and frontal cortex. NeuroImage, 32(3), 12571264. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.05.019
  82. Weinbach, N., & Henik, A. (2012). Temporal orienting and alerting – the same or different? Frontiers in Psychology, 3(26). DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00236
  83. Weinbach, N., & Henik, A. (2013). The interaction between alerting and executive control: dissociating phasic arousal and temporal expectancy. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 75(7), 13741381. DOI: 10.3758/s13414-013-0501-6
  84. Wickelgren, W. A. (1977). Speed-accuracy tradeoff and information processing dynamics. Acta Psychologica, 41(1), 6785. DOI: 10.1016/0001-6918(77)90012-9#
  85. Wiegand, I., Petersen, A., Finke, K., Bundesen, C., Lansner, J., & Habekost, T. (2017). Behavioral and brain measures of phasic alerting effects on visual attention. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11(176). DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00176
  86. Wolfe, J. M. (1994). Guided search 2.0 a revised model of visual search. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1(2), 202238. DOI: 10.3758/BF03200774
  87. Wolfe, J. M., & Horowitz, T. S. (2004). What attributes guide the deployment of visual attention and how do they do it? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5(6), 495501. DOI: 10.1038/nrn1411
  88. Wolfe, J. M., & Horowitz, T. S. (2017). Five factors that guide attention in visual search. Nature Human Behaviour, 1(3), 0058. DOI: 10.1038/s41562-017-0058
  89. Yeshurun, Y., & Carrasco, M. (1998). Attention improves or impairs visual performance by enhancing spatial resolution. Nature, 396(6706), 7275. DOI: 10.1038/23936
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.242 | Journal eISSN: 2514-4820
Language: English
Submitted on: Feb 25, 2022
Accepted on: Sep 19, 2022
Published on: Oct 7, 2022
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2022 Niklas Dietze, Christian H. Poth, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.