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How Memory Counts in Mathematical Development Cover

How Memory Counts in Mathematical Development

Journal of Cognition

Volume 6 (2023): Issue 1

By: Ilse E. J. I. Coolen and Julie Castronovo

Open Access

|Jan 2023

Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Descriptive statistics for all tasks per age group.

	YEAR 1 (N = 36; 16 MALES)			YEAR 2 (N = 49; 25 MALES)			YEAR 3 (N = 42; 24 MALES)
	M	SD	RANGE	M	SD	RANGE	M	SD	RANGE
Age (months)	74.03	3.09	68–80	82.33	3.83	75–88	92.24	4.30	86–105
TEMA (raw)	35.86	7.85	17–52	44.51	9.66	29–70	56.02	11.41	32–43
Informal TEMA	27.06	4.93	15–34	31.98	3.25	23–38	35.45	3.52	25–43
Formal TEMA	6.97	2.84	2–14	11.24	6.04	4–24	18.12	6.97	6–29
Pathspan forwards	4.35	1.17	2–7	4.72	1.15	2–7	5.45	0.99	4–8
Pathspan backwards	3.69	1.4	2–6	4.3	1.04	2–7	4.43	0.99	2–6
Recall	17.28	5.46	7–29	19.12	5.74	11–30	22.29	7.17	6–39
Delayed Recall	7	2.61	1–13	8.34	2.50	3–15	9.62	2.39	5–15
Pattern Construction	24.86	3.66	18–32	25.61	2.97	20–32	28.21	2.79	22–35
Word Definition	10	4.64	3–18	12.82	3.97	4–19	15.60	4.70	5–23
BAS mean %	48.67	10.03	29–65	53.45	7.44	39–69	60.83	7.31	45–73

Table 2

Spearman correlations between all tasks measured (N = 127).

		1.	2.	3.	4.	5.	6.	7.
1. TEMA		___
2. Informal	r	.92	___
2. Informal	p	<.001
3. Formal	r	.94	.87	___
3. Formal	p	<.001	<.001
4. Pathspan forw.	r	.47	.47	.46	___
4. Pathspan forw.	p	<.001	<.001	<.001
5. Pathspan back.	r	.44	.48	.41	.35	___
5. Pathspan back.	p	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001
6. Recall	r	.38	.36	.41	.24	.19	___
6. Recall	p	<.001	<.001	<.001	.008	.036
7. Delayed Recall	r	.30	.30	.32	.29	.20	.48	___
7. Delayed Recall	p	<.001	<.001	<.001	=.001	=.025	<.001
8. BAS	r	.60	.61	.59	.37	.43	.50	.29
8. BAS	p	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001

Table 3

Summary of regression analysis for variables predicting overall TEMA-3 in Year 1 (N = 36).

PREDICTORS	MODEL 1			MODEL 2 (BAS CONTROLLED)
PREDICTORS	BETA	T	P	BETA	T	P
Age (months)	–0.81	–0.21	.832	–0.23	–0.61	.548
Pathspan forwards	3.24	2.94	.007	2.74	2.50	.019
Pathspan backwards	1.57	1.48	.151	0.15	0.12	.906
Recall	0.26	1.08	.288	–0.04	–0.15	.884
Delayed Recall	–0.09	–0.16	.872	–0.08	–0.15	.881
BAS	/	/		0.31	1.84	.077

Table 4

Summary of regression analysis for variables predicting overall TEMA-3 in Year 2 (N = 49).

PREDICTORS	MODEL 1			MODEL 2 (BAS CONTROLLED)
PREDICTORS	BETA	T	P	BETA	T	P
Age (months)	0.78	2.34	.024	0.66	2.02	.050
Pathspan forwards	–0.38	-0.34	.739	-0.40	-0.36	.718
Pathspan backwards	2.84	2.17	.039	2.46	1.89	.066
Recall	0.38	1.57	.124	0.20	0.80	.431
Delayed Recall	–0.16	-0.30	.763	-0.16	-0.30	.768
BAS	/	/		0.33	1.79	.081

Table 5

Summary of regression analysis for variables predicting overall TEMA-3 in Year 3 (N = 42).

PREDICTORS	MODEL 1			MODEL 2 (BAS CONTROLLED)
	BETA	T	P	BETA	T	P
Age (months)	0.62	1.60	.118	0.59	1.58	.123
Pathspan forwards	2.67	1.62	.115	2.52	1.57	.125
Pathspan backwards	2.70	1.77	.085	2.03	1.34	.190
Recall	0.53	2.20	.035	0.42	1.73	.093
Delayed Recall	–0.57	–0.82	.419	–0.54	–0.79	.432
BAS	/	/		0.40	1.93	.063

[i] Note: * p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001, ¹ p = .085, ² p = .093, ³ p = .062.

Table 6

Summary of regression analyses for variables predicting overall, informal and formal TEMA-3 scores without interactions (N = 127).

PREDICTORS	MODEL 1 OVERALL			MODEL 2 INFORMAL			MODEL 3 FORMAL
PREDICTORS	BETA	T	P	BETA	T	P	BETA	T	P
Year 2	5.13	2.69	.008	3.43	4.60	<.001	2.43	2.12	.036
Year 3	12.19	5.35	<.001	4.96	5.57	<.001	6.88	5.04	<.001
Pathspan forwards	1.72	2.41	.018	0.74	2.64	.009	0.76	1.77	.079
Pathspan backwards	1.97	2.52	.013	0.68	2.24	.027	0.96	2.05	.043
Recall	0.33	2.29	.024	0.04	0.73	.465	0.23	2.66	.009
Delayed Recall	–0.29	–0.86	.392	–0.06	–0.42	.674	–0.10	–0.47	.636
BAS	0.31	2.90	.004	0.17	4.10	<.001	0.15	2.34	.021

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.248 | Journal eISSN: 2514-4820

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Language: English

Submitted on: Jul 1, 2022

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Accepted on: Nov 5, 2022

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Published on: Jan 6, 2023

Published by: Ubiquity Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

Numerical Cognition,

© 2023 Ilse E. J. I. Coolen, Julie Castronovo, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 6 (2023): Issue 1

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