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New Insights Into Visual Word Recognition: Analyzing Error Distribution in Typical Readers Cover

New Insights Into Visual Word Recognition: Analyzing Error Distribution in Typical Readers

Open Access
|Apr 2025

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Means (and Standard Deviations) of Correct and Error Trials RTs.

VARIABLESCORRECT TRIALSERROR TRIALSP-VALUE
Task-wide629.71 (51.18)617.83 (63.95).043 *
Word trials606.57 (41.44)617.63 (60.09).125
Pseudoword trials652.86 (49.95)618.03 (68.45)<.001 ***

[i] Note. Significant differences are marked in bold.

*: p < .050, ***: p < .001.

Figure 1

Conditional Accuracy Functions.

Note. Each point represents the accuracy for one quintile and one condition. Error bars show standard deviations from mean accuracy.

Table 2

Means (and Standard Deviations) of Accuracy (%) as a function of Quintiles and Conditions.

CONDITIONSQ1Q2Q3Q4Q5
Words92.26 (5.09)94.02 (3.94)93.30 (4.18)93.60 (3.84)91.46 (4.06)
Pseudowords88.81 (9.06)95.63 (3.38)96.67 (2.64)97.33 (2.61)95.30 (3.18)
p-value.056.010 *<.001 ***<.001 ***<.001 ***

[i] Note. Q refers to the quintiles. The p-values reflect the pairwise comparisons of accuracy between the two conditions in each quintile (Bonferroni correction was applied). Significant differences are marked in bold. *: p < .050, **: p < .010, ***: p < .001.

Table 3

Pairwise Comparisons of Accuracy Between Quintiles in each Condition.

PAIRED QUINTILESWORD CONDITIONPSEUDOWORD CONDITION
TP-VALUETP-VALUE
Q1–Q2–2.39.224–6.80<.001 ***
Q1–Q3–1.011.000–7.14<.001 ***
Q1–Q4–1.001.000–8.97<.001 ***
Q1–Q51.081.000–4.74<.001 **
Q2–Q31.601.000–1.781.840
Q2–Q40.551.000–3.89.004 **
Q2–Q53.04.045 *0.821.000
Q3–Q4–0.491.000–1.501.000
Q3–Q52.84.1802.69.107
Q4–Q53.50.013 *4.21.002 **

[i] Note. Significant differences are marked in bold. P-values were corrected using Bonferroni’s method. *: p < .050, **: p < .010, ***: p < .001.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.441 | Journal eISSN: 2514-4820
Language: English
Submitted on: Nov 18, 2024
Accepted on: Mar 25, 2025
Published on: Apr 3, 2025
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2025 Fanny Grisetto, Clémence Roger, Gwendoline Mahé, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.