Table 1
Raster inputs (these have been accessed in June 2018 unless noted otherwise).
| Data | Details | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Crop yield and harvested area | 5 arcmin, 175 crops-same as GTAP, circa 2000, area provided as fraction of land area in grid cell | Monfreda et al., 2008; http://www.earthstat.org/data-download/ |
| Cropland physical extent | 5 arcmin, circa 2000, provided as fraction of land area in grid cell | Ramankutty et al., 2008; http://www.earthstat.org/data-download/ |
| Irrigated and rainfed crop harvested area | 5 arcmin, hectares, 26 crop classes, circa 2000 | Portmann et al., 2010; https://www.uni-frankfurt.de/45218031/data_download/ |
| Crop water footprint data | 5 arcmin, mm/yr, 18 crop types, 3 water types, circa 2000 | Mekonnen and Hoekstra, 2011; http://waterfootprint.org/en/resources/waterstat/product-water-footprint-statistics/ |
| Fraction of land area in grid cell for crop and water footprint data above | 5 arcmin, spherical earth with WGS84 mean radius | D. Plouff and N. Ramankutty provided these data corresponding to the above cropland data (in late 2013). Note that these are the same data used to provide the area values in the current crop yield and harvested area data above |
| Potential vegetation | 5 arcmin, thematic, 15 vegetation types, circa 2000 if no historical land use had occurred | Ramankutty and Foley, 1999; http://www.earthstat.org/data-download/ |
| Land use area | 5 arcmin, km2, 1700-2016 (decadal up to 2000), HYDE 3.2.000 baseline, 12 land use types | Klein Goldewijk et al., 2017; ftp://ftp.pbl.nl/hyde/hyde3.2/2017_beta_release/ |
| Land area in grid cell | 5 arcmin, km2, circa 2000, spherical earth with WGS84 mean radius, with Greenland and several arctic islands added based on fraction of land area in grid cell for crop area and potential vegetation; this is the working grid | Klein Goldewijk et al., 2017; ftp://ftp.pbl.nl/hyde/hyde3.2/2017_beta_release/ |
| Total grid cell area | 5 arcmin, km2, spherical earth with WGS84 mean radius, with Greenland and several arctic islands added based on fraction of land area in grid cell for crop area and potential vegetation; this is the working grid | Klein Goldewijk et al., 2017; ftp://ftp.pbl.nl/hyde/hyde3.2/2017_beta_release/ |
| 234 Country boundaries | 5 arcmin, from VMAP0 vector data (the source of FAO country boundaries), added East Timor based on a map, and merged some countries to reflect FAO data | VMAP0: http://gis.ess.washington.edu/data/raster/GlobalData/ (last accessed in 2013, now restricted to UW, but these data are currently available in four parts at http://gis-lab.info/qa/vmap0-eng.html); |
| Original AEZ boundaries | 5 arcmin, 1961–1990 data, 160 country boundaries, GTAP Land Use Database, Release 2.1 | Lee et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2009; Monfreda et al., 2009; https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/res_display.asp?RecordID=1900 |
| Output Geographic Land Unit (GLU) boundaries | 5 arcmin, thematic, 235 water basins | Developed for the water module of the Global Change Assessment Model, aggregated from a 1/8-degree global watershed data set |
| Land cover area data | half-degree, 1800–2016 (decadal up to 2000), 23 land cover types, fraction of grid cell and grid cell area | Produced specifically for Moirai using HYDE 3.2.000 data; http://climate.atmos.uiuc.edu/atuljain/availabledata.html; Previous public version available here: https://www.atmos.illinois.edu/~meiyapp2/datasets.htm (Meiyappan and Jain, 2012) |
| Protected land area | 5 arcmin, thematic, protected or not-protected | Derived from a previous version of the World Database on Protected Areas; (current version available at: https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/our-work/world-database-protected-areas) |
Table 2
Text inputs as comma separated value files (these have been accessed in June 2018 unless noted otherwise).
| Data | Details | Sourcea |
|---|---|---|
| 87 economic regions | Tabular, GTAP Land Use Database, Release 2.1 | Lee et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2009; Monfreda et al., 2009; https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/res_display.asp?RecordID=1900 |
| Land rent for 13 use sectors | Tabular, 87 regions by 18 AEZs, GTAP Land Use Database, Release 2.1 | Lee et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2009; Monfreda et al., 2009; https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/res_display.asp?RecordID=1900 |
| FAO 235 countries | Tabular, with some added countries to match the VMAP0 data, there are two input files containing these data: one maps the countries to the economic regions and the other maps the countries to the raster country data | http://faostat.fao.org/; accessed Aug 2013 |
| Geographic Land Unit (GLU) list | Thematic codes and names for the GLU raster data | Developed for the water module of the Global Change Assessment Model, aggregated from a 1/8-degree global watershed data set |
| GCAM region list | Names and integer codes for GCAM regions, used in some diagnostics | GCAM |
| Country to GCAM region mapping | Cross-reference table mapping FAO countries to GCAM regions | FAO country and GCAM region data |
| HYDE3.2.000 list | Thematic codes and names for HYDE3.2.000 raster data | Klein Goldewijk et al., 2017; ftp://ftp.pbl.nl/hyde/hyde3.2/2017_beta_release/ |
| Land cover to land use mapping | Cross-reference table mapping land cover to potential vegetation and land use | Land cover, land use, and potential vegetation data |
| GTAP product use list | Tabular, Codes and names for 13 GTAP use sectors | Lee et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2009; Monfreda et al., 2009; https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/res_display.asp?RecordID=1900 |
| 175 crop to FAO crop and GTAP use mapping | Cross-reference table mapping 175 crops to FAO crops to GTAP use | 175 Crop, FAO crop, and GTAP use data |
| FAO production data | Tabular, up to 169 crops, 1997–2007 | http://faostat.fao.org/faostat/; accessed July 2018 |
| FAO yield data | Tabular, up to 160 crops, 1997–2007, for diagnostics only | http://faostat.fao.org/faostat/; accessed July 2018 |
| FAO harvested area data | Tabular, up to 161 crops, 1997–2007, for year recalibration only | http://faostat.fao.org/faostat/; accessed July 2018 |
| FAO Crop producer prices data | Tabular, up to 205 crops, 1997–2007 | http://faostat.fao.org/faostat/; accessed July 2018 |
| USD-year conversion list | Factors to convert input FAO 2005 USD to output 2001 USD | Derived from consumer price index centered at 1982–1984 (https://www.bls.gov/cpi/data.htm) |
| Potential vegetation list | Thematic codes and names for potential vegetation raster data | Ramankutty and Foley, 1999; http://www.earthstat.org/data-download/ |
| Vegetation carbon density for potential vegetation | Average vegetation carbon densities for the potential vegetation types | Literature review |
| Soil carbon density for potential vegetation | Average soil carbon densities for the potential vegetation types | Literature review |
Figure 1
Spatial basis of the Moirai land data system and pathways to five outputs (the irrigated and rainfed data are output as separate files). The Geographic Land Units (GLUs) are defined by the user. Ovals are raster data (all at 5 arcmin except for the land cover/use data, which are at half-degree), hexagons are tabular data, boxes are processes, and the outputs are in underlined, bold lettering within bold hexagons.
Figure 2
Processing three primary Moirai outputs. Recalibration of crop data year occurs before aggregation, and recalibration of land rent price year occurs before land rent calculation. Ovals are raster data (all at 5 arcmin except for the land cover/use data, which are at half-degree), hexagons are tabular data, boxes are processes, and the outputs are in underlined, bold lettering within bold hexagons.
Figure 3
Evaluation of Moirai crop production and harvested area outputs at the country level, using water basins as the Geographic Land Units (GLUs). a) Wheat harvested area Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF), b) Wheat production CDF, c) mean of Moirai versus GTAP and FAO versus GTAP harvested area regressions for 93 and 88 crops, respectively, with n >= 20, d) like (c) but for production.
Figure 4
Evaluation of Moirai land rent output0 at the intersection of the original 18 Agro-Ecological Zones (Original and Moirai GLUs) and the 87 GTAP economic regions. a) Forestry land rent, b) Wheat land rent, c) mean of Moirai versus GTAP regressions for 12 land use sectors.