Management Models for Public Administration in the Swiss Cantons: An Overview of the Current Status

In Switzerland, the New Public Management (NPM) paradigm has significantly influenced public administration reforms, aiming to enhance efficiency, transparency, and accountability. A new federal model has been introduced to further enhance governance and performance across all levels of administrations. In Switzerland, reforms were implemented not only at federal level, but also at cantonal level. The reforms in the cantons are primarily characterised by the implementation of new public management ideas within the framework of results-oriented administrative management. This article investigates the new public management approaches employed by Swiss cantons, focusing on the use of long-term performance budgeting, lump-sum budgets, and performance mandates. A survey conducted among the finance departments and state chancelleries combined with a document analysis has revealed that 20 of the 26 cantons are using new public management instruments. Despite the progress made, the scope of implementation of these practices differs among cantons, showing a mix of traditional and modern management styles that suit their specific administrative needs and circumstances. While some cantons use long-term performance budgeting, lump-sum budgeting and performance mandates, other cantons continue to fully rely on traditional budgeting methods.

Points for practitioners

Cantonal analysis shows considerable variation in results-oriented public management models, reflecting different administrative needs. However, challenges in practical application and comprehension have been criticized, underscoring the need for increased training for staff and politicians. Regular independent evaluations, already practised in some cantons, could enhance effectiveness, transparency, and acceptance. To keep pace with evolving societal demands, administrations should continuously develop and refine these models, rather than rely on old assumptions. This ongoing improvement would ultimately lead to greater efficiency and better alignment with the specific needs of each canton.