References
- Alvarez M.J., López-Bote C.J., Diez A., Corraze G., Arzel J., Dias J., Kaushik S.J., Bautista J.M. (1999). The partial substitution of digestible protein with gelatinized starch as an energy source reduces susceptibility to lipid oxidation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) muscle. J. Anim. Sci., 77: 3322–3329.
- AOAC International Methods Committee (2011). AOAC INTERNATIONAL Methods Committee guidelines for validation of biological threat agent methods and/or procedures. J AOAC Int, 94: 1359–81.
- Bouchard S.S., Bjorndal K.A. (2005). Microbial fermentation in juvenile and adult pond slider turtles, Trachemys scripta. J. Herpetology, 39: 321–324 (doi: 10.1670/145-04N).10.1670/145-04N)
- Bouchard S.S., Bjorndal K.A. (2006). Nonadditive interactions between animal and plant diet items in an omnivorous freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol., 144: 77–85.
- Chu J.-H., Chen S.-M., Huang C.-H. (2007). Effect of dietary iron concentrations on growth, hematological parameters, and lipid peroxidation of soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus sinensis. Aquaculture, 269: 532–537.
- Cuzon G., Rosas C., Gaxiola G. (2000). Utilization of carbohydrates by shrimp. In: Avances en Nutrición Acuícola V. Memorias del V Simposium Internacional de Nutrición Acuícola, Cruz-Suárez L.E. et al. (eds). 19–22 Noviembre, pp. 328–339.
- Dempson J., Schwarz C., Shears M., Furey G. (2004). Comparative proximate body composition of Atlantic salmon with emphasis on parr from fluvial and lacustrine habitats. J. Fish Biol., 64: 1257–1271.
- Deng D.-F., Hemre G.-I., Storebakken T., Shiau S.-Y., Hung S.S.O. (2005). Utilization of diets with hydrolyzed potato starch, or glucose by juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), as affected by Maillard reaction during feed processing. Aquaculture, 248: 103–109.
- Enes P., Panserat S., Kaushik S., Oliva-Teles A. (2006). Effect of normal and waxy maize starch on growth, food utilization and hepatic glucose metabolism in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A: Mol. Integr. Physiol., 143: 89–96.
- Enes P., Panserat S., Kaushik S., Oliva-Teles A. (2008). Growth performance and metabolic utilization of diets with native and waxy maize starch by gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles. Aquaculture, 274: 101–108.
- Everaarts J.M., Shugart L.R., Gustin M.K., Hawkins W.E., Walker W.W. (1993). Biological markers in fish: DNA integrity, hematological parameters and liver somatic index. Marine Environ. Res., 35: 101–107.
- Fabacher D.L., Schmitt C.J., Besser J.M., Mac M.J. (1988). Chemical characterization and mutagenic properties of polycyclic aromatic compounds in sediment from tributaries of the great lakes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 7: 529–543.
- Feng H., Matsuki N., Saito H. (1996). Improvement of fatigue and acceleration of recovery from stress-induced deficient sexual behavior in mice following oral administration of soft-shelled turtle powder. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 19: 1447–50.
- Figueiredo-Silva A.C., Corraze G., Rema P., Sanchez-Gurmaches J., Gutiérrez J., Valente L.M.P. (2009). Blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) lipogenic and glycolytic pathways appear to be more related to dietary protein level than dietary starch type. Aquaculture, 291: 101–110.
- Gatesoupe F.-J., Huelvan C., Le Bayon N., Sévère A., Aasen I.M., Degnes K.F., Mazurais D., Panserat S., Zambonino-Infante J.L., Kaushik S.J. (2014). The effects of dietary carbohydrate sources and forms on metabolic response and intestinal microbiota in sea bass juveniles, Dicentrarchus labrax. Aquaculture, 422–423: 47–53.
- Gong S., Vamberger M., Auer M., Praschag P., Fritz U. (2018). Millennium-old farm breeding of Chinese softshell turtles (Pelodiscus spp.) results in massive erosion of biodiversity. Naturwissenschaften, 105: 34.
- Guo R., Liu Y.J., Tian L.X., Huang J.W. (2006). Effect of dietary cornstarch levels on growth performance, digestibility and microscopic structure in the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei reared in brackish water. Aquacul. Nutr., 12: 83–88.
- Haitao S., Parham J.F., Zhiyong F., Meiling H., Feng Y. (2008). Evidence for the massive scale of turtle farming in China. Oryx, 42: 147–150.
- Hemre G.I., Shiau S.Y., Deng D.F., Storebakken T., Hung S.S.O. (2000). Utilization of hydrolysed potato starch by juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., when using a restricted feeding regime. Aquacul. Res., 31: 207–212.
- Hemre G.I., Mommsen T.P., Krogdahl Å. (2002). Carbohydrates in fish nutrition: effects on growth, glucose metabolism and hepatic enzymes. Aquacul. Nutr., 8: 175–194.
- Huang C.H., Lin W.Y. (2002). Estimation of optimal dietary methionine requirement for softshell turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis. Aquaculture, 207: 281–287.
- Huang C.H., Lin W.Y., Chu J.H. (2005). Dietary lipid level influences fatty acid profiles, tissue composition, and lipid peroxidation of soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, Mol. Integr. Physiol., 142: 383–8.
- Kannadhason S., Muthukumarappan K., Rosentrater K.A. (2009). Effects of ingredients and extrusion parameters on aquafeeds containing DDGS and tapioca starch. J. Aquacul. Feed Sci. Nutr., 1: 6–21.
- Kawai S.-I., Ikeda S. (1972). Studies on digestive enzymes of fishes – II: Effect of dietary change on the activities of digestive enzymes in carp intestine. NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI, 38: 265–270.
- Lei S.-J. (2006). Effects of ration level and feeding frequency on digestibility in juvenile soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B, 7: 580–585.
- Lin W.Y., Huang C.H. (2007). Fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidation of soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis, fed different dietary lipid sources. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Toxicol. Pharmacol. CBP, 144: 327–33.
- Mazurkiewicz J., Przybył A., Czyżak-Runowska G., Łyczyński A. (2011). Cold-pressed rapeseed cake as a component of the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): effects on growth, nutrient utilization, body composition and meat quality. Aquacul. Nutr., 17: 387–394.
- Mohammadzadeh S., Noverian H.A., Ouraji H., Falahatkar B. (2017). Growth, body composition and digestive enzyme responses of Caspian Kutum, Rutilus frisii (Kamenskii, 1901), juveniles fed different levels of carbohydrates. J. Applied Ichthyol., 33: 983–990 (doi: 10.1111/jai.13411).10.1111/jai.13411)
- Peres H., Oliva-Teles A. (2002). Utilization of raw and gelatinized starch by European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Aquaculture, 205: 287–299.
- Pinkney A.E., Harshbarger J.C., May E.B., Melancon M.J. (2001). Tumor prevalence and biomarkers of exposure in brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) from the tidal Potomac River, USA, watershed. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 20: 1196–205.
- Rawski M., Kierończyk B., Długosz J., Świątkiewicz S., Józefiak D. (2016). Dietary probiotics affect gastrointestinal microbiota, histological structure and shell mineralization in turtles. PLoS One, 11: e0147859.
- Rawski M., Mans C., Kierończyk B., Świątkiewicz S., Barc A., Józefiak D. (2018). Freshwater turtle nutrition – a review of scientific and practical knowledge. Ann. Anim. Sci, 18: 17–37.
- Ren M., Ai Q., Mai K., Ma H., Wang X. (2011). Effect of dietary carbohydrate level on growth performance, body composition, apparent digestibility coefficient and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum L. Aquacul. Res., 42: 1467–1475 (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02739.x).10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02739.x)
- Riaz M.N. (1997). Using extrusion to make floating and sinking fish feed: Controlling the water stability of feed. Feed Mgmt, 46: 21–24.
- Rosas C., Cuzon G., Gaxiola G., Arena L., Lemaire P., Soyez C., Van Wormhoudt A. (2000). Influence of dietary carbohydrate on the metabolism of juvenile Litopenaeus stylirostris. J. Exp. Marine Biol. Ecol., 249: 181–198.
- Rosas C., Le Priol Y., Contreras F., Cuzon G., Pascual C., Sanchez A., Gaxiola G. (2001). Metabolism and growth of juveniles of Litopenaeus vannamei: effect of salinity and dietary carbohydrate levels. J. Exp. Marine Biol. Ecol., 259: 1–22.
- Shao Q. (2012). Soft-shelled Turtles. In: Aquaculture, 2nd Edition, Lucas J.S., Southgate P.C. (eds). Blackwell Publishing Ltd., West Sussex, UK, pp. 460–475.
- Solomon S.G., Ataguba G.A., Abeje A. (2011). Water stability and floatation test of fish pellets using local starch sources and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae). International J. Latest Trends in Agriculture and Food Sciences, 1: 1–5.
- Stone D.A.J., Allan G.L., Anderson A.J. (2003). Carbohydrate utilization by juvenile silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell). III. The protein-sparing effect of wheat starch-based carbohydrates. Aquacul. Res., 34: 123–134.
- Tran-Duy A., Smit B., van Dam A.A., Schrama J.W. (2008). Effects of dietary starch and energy levels on maximum feed intake, growth and metabolism of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture, 277: 213–219.
- Wang J., Qi Z., Yang Z. (2014). Evaluation of the protein requirement of juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis, Wiegmann) fed with practical diets. Aquaculture, 433: 252–255.
- Wang W., Li C.Y., Ge C.T., Lei L., Gao Y.L., Qian G.Y. (2013). De-novo characterization of the soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis transcriptome using Illumina RNA-Seq technology. J Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B, 14: 58–67.