Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Investigating Youth’s Motivation for Practising Traditional Martial Art – Vovinam: Moderating Role of National Identity Cover

Investigating Youth’s Motivation for Practising Traditional Martial Art – Vovinam: Moderating Role of National Identity

Open Access
|Feb 2026

References

  1. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211.
  2. Baena-Morales, S., & González-Víllora, S. (2023). Physical education for sustainable development goals: Reflections and comments for contribution in the educational framework. Sport, Education and Society, 28(6), 697–713.
  3. Binder, B. (2007). Psychosocial benefits of the martial arts: Myth or reality? A literature review. International Ryuku Karate Research Society’s Journal. https://www.jarihintsanen.fi/Binder_Benefits.pdf.
  4. Bliuc, A. M., McGarty, C., Reynolds, K., & Muntele, D. (2007). Opinion‐based group membership as a predictor of commitment to political action. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37(1), 19–32.
  5. Brewer, M. B., & Yuki, M. (2007). Culture and social identity. Handbook of Cultural Psychology, 307322, 1–47.
  6. Carr, G. (1974). The use of sport in the German Democratic Republic for the promotion of national consciousness and international prestige. Journal of Sport History, 1(2), 123–136.
  7. Carruthers, A. (1998). Kung Fu fighting: The cultural pedagogy of the body in the Vovinam overseas Vietnamese Martial Arts School. The Australian Journal of Anthropology, 9(1), 45–57.
  8. Chen, X., Wu, S., & Guo, X. (2020). Analyses of factors influencing Chinese repeated blood donation behavior: Delivered value theory perspective. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 120(3), 486–507.
  9. Chiu, W., Won, D., & Bae, J.-S. (2024). Symmetric and asymmetric modeling to examine individuals’ intention to follow fitness YouTube channels: An integrated perspective of the UTAUT2 and UGT. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 25(4), 777–801.
  10. Dosti, F. (2025). Shaping youth identity in post-doi moi Vietnam: Tradition, modernity, and the University experience. Just Futures: Sustainability, Inclusivity and Education, IJOPEC Publication Limited (p. 71).
  11. Ellison, B., Lusk, J. L., & Davis, D. (2013). Looking at the label and beyond: The effects of calorie labels, health consciousness, and demographics on caloric intake in restaurants. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10, 1–9.
  12. Follo, G. (2022). Self-defense training to reduce the fear of violence among women and girls. Sport Social Work Journal, 2(1), 63–76.
  13. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
  14. Gan, C., & Li, H. (2018). Understanding the effects of gratifications on the continuance intention to use WeChat in China: A perspective on uses and gratifications. Computers in Human Behavior, 78, 306–315.
  15. Ghorbani, S., Nouhpisheh, S., & Shakki, M. (2020). Gender differences in the relationship between perceived competence and physical activity in middle school students: Mediating role of enjoyment. International Journal of School Health, 7(2), 14–20.
  16. Green, T. A., & Svinth, J. R. (2010). Martial arts of the world: An encyclopedia of history and innovation (Vol. 2). Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
  17. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson Education: Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
  18. Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24.
  19. Hamidou, K., & Amara, M. (2024). Online sources as alternative media for sporting events’ consumption in Algeria: Assessing receivers’ gratifications using TAM & UGT approaches. Asian Journal of Sport History & Culture, 3, 1–21.
  20. Han, Y., Mahamed, M. B., Abdullah, Z., Binti, W. A., & Abas, W. (2023). Integrating TAM and UGT to explore motivations of using social media for news reading among Chinese college students. International Journal of Academic Research in Business, 13(6), 2374–2389.
  21. Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115–135.
  22. Hosseini, F. B., Ghorbani, S., & Rezaeeshirazi, R. (2020). Effects of perceived autonomy support in the physical education on basic psychological needs satisfaction, intrinsic motivation and intention to perform physical activity in high school students. International Journal of School Health, 7(4), 39–46.
  23. Juarbe, T., Turok, X. P., & Pérez-Stable, E. J. (2002). Perceived benefits and barriers to physical activity among older Latina women. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 24(8), 868–886.
  24. Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and gratifications research. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509–523.
  25. Khoa, B. T. (2022). Dataset for the electronic customer relationship management based on S-O-R model in electronic commerce. Data in Brief, 42, 108039–108039. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108039.
  26. Khon, C. (2024). Selecting measures to enhance and develop physical education and sports clubs at an giang university, Vietnam. Current Clinical and Medical Education, 2(4), 29–35.
  27. Kutip, M. F., Azmi, A. A. M., Gilbert, C., & Nazri, S. M. (2024). Scale validation of students’ gratification purchasing sports products on tiktok shop: A uses and gratification theory (UGT) perspective. Jurnal Evolusi, 5(1), 1–15.
  28. Le, T. M. D., Do, H. T. N., Tran, K. M., Dang, V. T., & Nguyen, B. K. H. (2024). Integrating Tam and UGT to explore students’ motivation for using ChatGPT for learning in Vietnam. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning. doi: 10.1108/JRIT-05-2024-0116.
  29. Lee, H. E., & Cho, J. (2017). What motivates users to continue using diet and fitness apps? Application of the uses and gratifications approach. Health Communication, 32(12), 1445–1453.
  30. Long, N. T., & Van, V. H. (2022). The policy of preserving and developing traditional cultural values of Vietnam: A case study of some vietnamese folk beliefs. Synesis (ISSN 1984-6754), 14(2), 311–329.
  31. Ma, D. (2023). Research on the inheritance and development of traditional martial arts culture in universities under the guidance of cultural confidence. Journal of Human Movement Science, 4(1), 33.
  32. Murray, G. (2016). Vietnam-Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs and Culture. Bravo Limited.
  33. Noah, J. A., Spierer, D. K., Tachibana, A., & Bronner, S. (2011). Vigorous energy expenditure with a dance exer-game. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 14(4), 13–28.
  34. Palmgreen, P. (1984). Uses and gratifications: A theoretical perspective. Communication Yearbook, 8, 20–55.
  35. Pham, T. T. L., Huang, H.-C., Cheng, T., Wong, M.-K., Liao, Y.-N., Yang, Y.-H., & Teng, C.-I. (2020). The need for exercise in exergaming perspective of the uses and gratifications theory. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 120(6), 1085-1099.
  36. Quang, T. L. N., & Hoa, P. D. (2025). Evaluation of the current state and proposed measures for ensuring the quality of physical education for students at member universities of the university of da nang, Vietnam. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 12(5), 144–152.
  37. Roe, A. J. (2020). An investigation into local attitudes towards the effectiveness and relevance of traditional vietnamese martial arts. Martial Arts Studies, (10), 89–97.
  38. Roscoe, J. T. (1969). Fundamental research statistics for the behavioral scinces (2nd ed.). Holt Rinehart & Winston.
  39. Sekaran, U. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons.
  40. Siedentop, D. L. (2009). National plan for physical activity: Education sector. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 6(s2), S168–S180.
  41. Simon, B., Stürmer, S., & Steffens, K. (2000). Helping individuals or group members? The role of individual and collective identification in AIDS volunteerism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(4), 497–506.
  42. Smith, A., & Porter, D. (2004). Sport and National Identity in the Post-War World. Routledge.
  43. Stratton, S. J. (2021). Population research: Convenience sampling strategies. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 36(4), 373–374.
  44. Tappe, M. K., & Burgeson, C. R. (2004). Physical education: A cornerstone for physically active lifestyles. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 23(4), 281.
  45. Thang, V. Q., Danh, L. T. M., & Hanh, L. T. M. (2025). An investigation of motivational differences for participants in Vietnamese martial art. Ido Movement for Culture Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology, 25(4), 29–38. doi: 10.14589/ido.25.4.3.
  46. Theeboom, M., & Knop, P. D. (1999). Asian martial arts and approaches of instruction in physical education. European Journal of Physical Education, 4(2), 146–161.
  47. To, Q. G., Wharton, L., Gallegos, D., Stylianou, M., Do, D. V., To, K. G., Tran, H. T., & Trost, S. G. (2020). School-based physical education: Physical activity and implementation barriers in Vietnamese elementary schools. European Physical Education Review, 26(2), 587–606.
  48. Tripathi, R. C. (2024). Revitalising indigenous sports in India: An examination of their impact on fostering social and character development of children. Curriculum Studies in Health and Physical Education, 17(1), 1–12.
  49. Trost, S. G. (2006). 2.5 Public health and physical education. Handbook of Physical Education, Sage publications (p. 163).
  50. Tung, N. T., & That, P. H. (2025). The impact of vovinam on physical development in the physical education program for students at da nang university, Vietnam. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 12(6), 12–22.
  51. Tung, P. S., Do, T. T., Giang, P. H., & Hung, P. D. (2023). Support learning vovinam exercises based on computer vision. Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing: Cham.
  52. Van Dau, L., Huy, H., Van Ninh, L., Tan, N., & Yen, N. (2020). Physical education for students: Researching one university in Vietnam. South Asian Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(3), 205–209.
  53. Van Dung, V., Thi Khanh Vy, B., & Thanh My, P. (2016). The role of vovinam in the life of vietnamese people [Vovinam; martial art; martial art philosophy; fair-play spirit; Vovinam technique system]. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science. doi: 10.46827/ejpe.v0i0.233.
  54. Vovinam opens the SEA Games door. (2011). Vietnamnet.vn. https://vietnamnet.vn/en/vovinam-opens-the-sea-games-door-E14508.html#:∼:text=A%20Vovinam%20troupe%20followed%20officials,martial%20arts%20and%20wrestling%20techniques.
  55. Woodward, T. W. (2009). A review of the effects of martial arts practice on health. Wisconsin Medical Journal (WMJ), 108(1), 40–43.
  56. Xiang, J. (2024). The inheritance and development of traditional martial arts culture in physical education in the new era. Journal of Art, Culture and Philosophical Studies, 1(2).
  57. Zarrilli, P. B. The knowledge of the vital spots remains a highly secretive, as well as con-troversial, subject among contemporary practitioners of both varma ati and kalarippayattu. (T. A. Green, Ed.), 2001, p. 651.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2026-0005 | Journal eISSN: 1899-4849 | Journal ISSN: 2081-2221
Language: English
Page range: 54 - 67
Submitted on: Mar 28, 2025
|
Accepted on: Nov 17, 2025
|
Published on: Feb 12, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open

© 2026 Thi My Danh Le, Thi Kieu My Duong, Thi Thuy Hien Nguyen, published by Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.