Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login

References

  1. Murphy A, Banerjee A, Breithardt G, Camm AJ, Commerford P, Freedman B, et al. The World Heart Federation Roadmap for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation. Glob Heart. 2017; 12(4): 27384. DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2017.01.015
  2. Zaidel EJ, Leng X, Adeoye AM, Hakim F, Karmacharya B, Katbeh A, et al. Inclusion in the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines of Non-Vitamin K Anticoagulants for Treatment of Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Step Towards Reducing the Burden of Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality. Glob Heart. 2020; 15(1): 52. DOI: 10.5334/gh.608
  3. Chugh SS, Roth GA, Gillum RF, Mensah GA. Global Burden of Atrial Fibrillation in Developed and Developing Nations. Glob Heart. 2014; 9(1): 1139. DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2014.01.004
  4. Wann LS, Alpert LS, Calkins H, Cigarroa JE, Cleveland JC, Jr., et al. AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 64(21): e1e76.
  5. Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, Ahlsson A, Atar D, Casadei B, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J. 2016; 37(38): 2893962. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw210
  6. Chugh SS, Havmoeller R, Narayanan K, Singh D, Rienstra M, Benjamin EJ, et al. Worldwide Epidemiology of Atrial Fibrillation. Circulation. 2014; 129(8): 83747. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005119
  7. Haim M, Hoshen M, Reges O, Rabi Y, Balicer R, Leibowitz M. Prospective National Study of the Prevalence, Incidence, Management and Outcome of a Large Contemporary Cohort of Patients With Incident Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015; 4(1): e001486. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001486
  8. Björck S, Palaszewski B, Friberg L, Bergfeldt L. Atrial Fibrillation, Stroke Risk, and Warfarin Therapy Revisited. Stroke. 2013; 44(11): 31038. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.002329
  9. Heeringa J, van der Kuip DAM, Hofman A, Kors JA, van Herpen G, Stricker BHC, et al. Prevalence, incidence and lifetime risk of atrial fibrillation: The Rotterdam study. Eur Heart J. 2006; 27(8): 94953. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi825
  10. Nielsen JC, Lin YJ, de Oliveira Figueiredo MJ, Sepehri Shamloo A, Alfie A, Boveda S, et al. European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) expert consensus on risk assessment in cardiac arrhythmias: Use the right tool for the right outcome, in the right population. Europace. 2020; 22(8): 11478. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa065
  11. Lloyd-Jones DM, Wang TJ, Leip EP, Larson MG, Levy D, Vasan RS, et al. Lifetime Risk for Development of Atrial Fibrillation. Circulation. 2004; 110(9): 10426. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000140263.20897.42
  12. Mou L, Norby FL, Chen LY, O’Neal WT, Lewis TT, Loehr LR, et al. Lifetime Risk of Atrial Fibrillation by Race and Socioeconomic Status: ARIC Study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities). Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2018; 11(7): e006350. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCEP.118.006350
  13. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020; 76(25): 29823021. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010
  14. Zoni-Berisso M, Lercari F, Carazza T, Domenicucci S. Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: European perspective. Clin Epidemiol. 2014; 6: 21320. DOI: 10.2147/CLEP.S47385
  15. Krijthe BP, Kunst A, Benjamin EJ, Lip GYH, Franco OH, Hofman A, et al. Projections on the number of individuals with atrial fibrillation in the European Union, from 2000 to 2060. Eur Heart J. 2013; 34(35): 274651. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht280
  16. Colilla S, Crow A, Petkun W, Singer DE, Simon T, Liu X. Estimates of Current and Future Incidence and Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation in the U.S. Adult Population. American Journal of Cardiology. 2013; 112(8): 11427. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.05.063
  17. Naser N, Dilic M, Durak A, Kulic M, Pepic E, Smajic E, et al. The Impact of Risk Factors and Comorbidities on The Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation. Mater Sociomed. 2017; 29(4): 2316. DOI: 10.5455/msm.2017.29.231-236
  18. Lowres N, Neubeck L, Redfern J, Freedman SB. Screening to identify unknown atrial fibrillation. A systematic review. Thromb Haemost. 2013; 110(2): 21322. DOI: 10.1160/TH13-02-0165
  19. Lowres N, Olivier J, Chao TF, Chen SA, Chen Y, Diederichsen A, et al. Estimated stroke risk, yield, and number needed to screen for atrial fibrillation detected through single time screening: A multicountry patient-level meta-analysis of 141,220 screened individuals. PLoS Med. 2019; 16(9): e1002903. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002903
  20. Marcus GM, Alonso A, Peralta CA, Lettre G, Vittinghoff E, Lubitz SA, et al. European Ancestry as a Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation in African Americans. Circulation. 2010; 122(20): 200915. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.958306
  21. Alonso A, Agarwal SK, Soliman EZ, Ambrose M, Chamberlain AM, Prineas RJ, et al. Incidence of atrial fibrillation in whites and African-Americans: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Am Heart J. 2009; 158(1): 1117. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2009.05.010
  22. Jensen PN, Thacker EL, Dublin S, Psaty BM, Heckbert SR. Racial Differences in the Incidence of and Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013; 61(2): 27680. DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12085
  23. Dewland TA, Olgin JE, Vittinghoff E, Marcus GM. Incident Atrial Fibrillation Among Asians, Hispanics, Blacks, and Whites. Circulation. 2013; 128(23): 24707. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002449
  24. Soni A, Earon A, Handorf A, Fahey N, Talati K, Bostrom J, et al. High Burden of Unrecognized Atrial Fibrillation in Rural India: An Innovative Community-Based Cross-Sectional Screening Program. JMIR public health and surveillance. 2016; 2(2): e159. DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.6517
  25. Soni A, Karna S, Fahey N, Sanghai S, Patel H, Raithatha S, et al. Age-and-sex stratified prevalence of atrial fibrillation in rural Western India: Results of SMART-India, a population-based screening study. Int J Cardiol. 2019; 280: 848. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.12.016
  26. Hingorani P, Natekar M, Deshmukh S, Karnad DR, Kothari S, Narula D, et al. Morphological abnormalities in baseline ECGs in healthy normal volunteers participating in phase I studies. Indian J Med Res. 2012; 135(3): 32230.
  27. Saggu DK, Sundar G, Nair SG, Bhargava VC, Lalukota K, Chennapragada S, et al. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in an urban population in India: The Nagpur pilot study. Heart Asia. 2016; 8(1): 569.
  28. Chan N-y, Choy C-c. Screening for atrial fibrillation in 13,122 Hong Kong citizens with smartphone electrocardiogram. Heart. 2017; 103(1): 2431. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-309993
  29. Noubiap JJ, Nyaga UF. A review of the epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in sub-Saharan Africa. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2019; 30(12): 300616. DOI: 10.1111/jce.14222
  30. Mandi DG, Bamouni J, Naïbé DT, Yaméogo RA, Kaboré E, Kambiré Y, et al. Epidemiology and long-term prognosis of atrial fibrillation in rural African patients. The Egyptian Heart Journal. 2019; 71(1): 6. DOI: 10.1186/s43044-019-0005-3
  31. Gouda HN, Charlson F, Sorsdahl K, Ahmadzada S, Ferrari AJ, Erskine H, et al. Burden of non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, 1990–2013; 2017: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet Global Health. 2019; 7(10): e1375e87. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30374-2
  32. Lau C-P, Gbadebo TD, Connolly SJ, Van Gelder IC, Capucci A, Gold MR, et al. Ethnic Differences in Atrial Fibrillation Identified Using Implanted Cardiac Devices. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2013; 24(4): 3817. DOI: 10.1111/jce.12066
  33. Muthalaly RG, Koplan BA, Albano A, North C, Campbell JI, Kakuhikire B, et al. Low population prevalence of atrial fibrillation in rural Uganda: A community-based cross-sectional study. Int J Cardiol. 2018; 271: 8791. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.05.074
  34. Paixão GMM, Silva LGS, Gomes PR, Lima EM, Ferreira MPF, Oliveira DM, et al. Evaluation of Mortality in Atrial Fibrillation: Clinical Outcomes in Digital Electrocardiography (CODE) Study. Glob Heart. 2020; 15(1): 48. DOI: 10.5334/gh.772
  35. Marcolino MS, Palhares DM, Benjamin EJ, Ribeiro AL. Atrial fibrillation: prevalence in a large database of primary care patients in Brazil. Europace. 2015; 17(12): 178790. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv185
  36. Mora-Llabata DD-MV, Roldán-Torres I, Mateu-Navarro C, Sanz-García JJ, Moreno-Ballester V, Mira-Gimeno S, Albiñana-Fernández F. Prevalencia de fibrilación auricular y características de la fibrilación auricular no valvular en la población general. Revista Colombiana de Cardiología. 2017; 24(1): 2633. DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2016.03.021
  37. Cubillos L, Haddad A, Kuznik A, Mould-Quevedo J. Burden of disease from atrial fibrillation in adults from seven countries in Latin America. Int J Gen Med. 2014; 7: 4418. DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S62819
  38. Joseph PG, Healey JS, Raina P, Connolly SJ, Ibrahim Q, Gupta R, et al. Global variations in the prevalence, treatment, and impact of atrial fibrillation in a multi-national cohort of 153,152 middle-aged individuals. Cardiovasc Res; 2020. DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa241
  39. Kakkar AK, Mueller I, Bassand JP, Fitzmaurice DA, Goldhaber SZ, Goto S, et al. Risk profiles and antithrombotic treatment of patients newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke: Perspectives from the international, observational, prospective GARFIELD registry. PLoS One. 2013; 8(5): e63479. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063479
  40. Goto S, Oh S, Cools F, Koretsune Y, Angchaisuksiri P, Rushton-Smith S, et al. Regional differences in use of antithrombotic therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and associated outcomes: European and Asian insights. Eur Heart J. 2013; 34: P4277. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht309.P4277
  41. Nguyen TN, Hilmer SN, Cumming RG. Review of epidemiology and management of atrial fibrillation in developing countries. Int J Cardiol. 2013; 167(6): 241220. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.184
  42. Narasimhan C, Verma JS, Ravi Kishore AG, Singh B, Dani S, Chawala K, et al. Cardiovascular risk profile and management of atrial fibrillation in India: Real world data from RealiseAF survey. Indian Heart J. 2016; 68(5): 66370. DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2015.12.011
  43. Oldgren J, Healey JS, Ezekowitz M, Commerford P, Avezum A, Pais P, et al. Variations in cause and management of atrial fibrillation in a prospective registry of 15,400 emergency department patients in 46 countries: The RE-LY Atrial Fibrillation Registry. Circulation. 2014; 129(15): 156876. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005451
  44. Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA, D’Agostino RB, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB, Levy D. Impact of Atrial Fibrillation on the Risk of Death. Circulation. 1998; 98(10): 94652. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.98.10.946
  45. Stewart S, Hart CL, Hole DJ, McMurray JJV. A population-based study of the long-term risks associated with atrial fibrillation: 20-year follow-up of the Renfrew/Paisley study. Am J Med. 2002; 113(5): 35964. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01236-6
  46. Andersson T, Magnuson A, Bryngelsson I-L, Frøbert O, Henriksson KM, Edvardsson N, et al. All-cause mortality in 272 186 patients hospitalized with incident atrial fibrillation 1995–2008: A Swedish nationwide long-term case-control study. Eur Heart J. 2013; 34(14): 10617. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs469
  47. Sepehri Shamloo A, Dagres N, Müssigbrodt A, Stauber A, Kircher S, Richter S, et al. Atrial Fibrillation and Cognitive Impairment: New Insights and Future Directions. Heart Lung Circ. 2020; 29(1): 6985. DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.05.185
  48. Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2014; 2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018; 137(12): e67e492. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000573
  49. PricewaterhouseCoopers. Commissioned by the National Stroke Foundation. The Economic Costs of Atrial Fibrillation in Australia. 2010.25/6/2020. Available from: http://www.hps.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Economic-costs-of-atrial-fibrillation-in-Australia.pdf.
  50. Freedman B, Camm J, Calkins H, Healey JS, Rosenqvist M, Wang J, et al. Screening for Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the AF-SCREEN International Collaboration. Circulation. 2017; 135(19): 185167. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026693
  51. Schnabel RB, Yin X, Gona P, Larson MG, Beiser AS, McManus DD, et al. 50-year trends in atrial fibrillation prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and mortality in the Framingham Heart Study: A cohort study. The Lancet. 2015; 386(9989): 15462. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61774-8
  52. Menezes AR, Lavie CJ, De Schutter A, Milani RV, O’Keefe J, DiNicolantonio JJ, et al. Lifestyle modification in the prevention and treatment of atrial fibrillation. J Progress in cardiovascular diseases. 2015; 58(2): 11725. DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2015.07.001
  53. Du X, Dong J, Ma C. Is atrial fibrillation a preventable disease? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017; 69(15): 196882. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.02.020
  54. Ahmadi SS, Svensson A-M, Pivodic A, Rosengren A, Lind M. Risk of atrial fibrillation in persons with type 2 diabetes and the excess risk in relation to glycaemic control and renal function: A Swedish cohort study. J Cardiovascular diabetology. 2020; 19(1): 112. DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0983-1
  55. Murphy NF, Simpson CR, Jhund PS, Stewart S, Kirkpatrick M, Chalmers J, et al. A national survey of the prevalence, incidence, primary care burden and treatment of atrial fibrillation in Scotland. J Heart. 2007; 93(5): 60612. DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2006.107573
  56. Misialek JR, Rose KM, Everson-Rose SA, Soliman EZ, Clark CJ, Lopez FL, et al. Socioeconomic status and the incidence of atrial fibrillation in whites and blacks: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014; 3(4): e001159. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001159
  57. Wändell P, Carlsson AC, Gasevic D, Holzmann MJ, Ärnlöv J, Sundquist J, et al. Socioeconomic factors and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation—a cohort study in Swedish primary care. European J of public health. 2018; 28(6): 11039. DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky075
  58. Pathak RK, Middeldorp ME, Lau DH, Mehta AB, Mahajan R, Twomey D, et al. Aggressive risk factor reduction study for atrial fibrillation and implications for the outcome of ablation: The ARREST-AF cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 64(21): 222231. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.09.028
  59. Abed HS, Wittert GA, Leong DP, Shirazi MG, Bahrami B, Middeldorp ME, et al. Effect of weight reduction and cardiometabolic risk factor management on symptom burden and severity in patients with atrial fibrillation: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013; 310(19): 205060. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.280521
  60. Pathak RK, Middeldorp ME, Meredith M, Mehta AB, Mahajan R, Wong CX, et al. Long-Term Effect of Goal-Directed Weight Management in an Atrial Fibrillation Cohort: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study (LEGACY). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015; 65(20): 215969. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.002
  61. Karjalainen J, Kujala UM, Kaprio J, Sarna S, Viitasalo M. Lone atrial fibrillation in vigorously exercising middle aged men: case-control study. BMJ. 1998; 316(7147): 17845. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.316.7147.1784
  62. Baldesberger S, Bauersfeld U, Candinas R, Seifert B, Zuber M, Ritter M, et al. Sinus node disease and arrhythmias in the long-term follow-up of former professional cyclists. Eur Heart J. 2008; 29(1): 718. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm555
  63. Molina L, Mont L, Marrugat J, Berruezo A, Brugada J, Bruguera J, et al. Long-term endurance sport practice increases the incidence of lone atrial fibrillation in men: a follow-up study. Europace. 2008; 10(5): 61823. DOI: 10.1093/europace/eun071
  64. Nielsen JR, Wachtell K, Abdulla J. The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Atr Fibrillation. 2013; 5(5): 789.
  65. Epstein LJ, Kristo D, Strollo PJ, Jr., Friedman N, Malhotra A, Patil SP, et al. Clinical guideline for the evaluation, management and long-term care of obstructive sleep apnea in adults. J Clin Sleep Med. 2009; 5(3): 26376. DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.27497
  66. Linz D, McEvoy RD, Cowie MR, Somers VK, Nattel S, Levy P, et al. Associations of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Atrial Fibrillation and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment: A Review. JAMA Cardiol. 2018; 3(6): 53240. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2018.0095
  67. Kotseva K, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, Rydén L, Hoes A, Grobbee D, et al. Lifestyle and impact on cardiovascular risk factor control in coronary patients across 27 countries: Results from the European Society of Cardiology ESC-EORP EUROASPIRE V registry. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019; 26(8): 82435. DOI: 10.1177/2047487318825350
  68. Proia KK, Thota AB, Njie GJ, Finnie RK, Hopkins DP, Mukhtar Q, et al. Team-based care and improved blood pressure control: a community guide systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2014; 47(1): 8699. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.03.004
  69. Buhse S, Mühlhauser I, Heller T, Kuniss N, Müller UA, Kasper J, et al. Informed shared decision-making programme on the prevention of myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ open. 2015; 5(11): e009116. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009116
  70. Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019; 74(10): e177e232.
  71. Johansson C, Dahlqvist E, Andersson J, Jansson JH, Johansson L. Incidence, type of atrial fibrillation and risk factors for stroke: A population-based cohort study. Clin Epidemiol. 2017; 9: 5362. DOI: 10.2147/CLEP.S122916
  72. Healey JS, Alings M, Ha A, Leong-Sit P, Birnie DH, de Graaf JJ, et al. Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation in Older Patients. Circulation. 2017; 136(14): 127683. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028845
  73. Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, Arbelo E, Bax JJ, Blomström-Lundqvist C, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J; 2020.
  74. Ganesan AN, Chew DP, Hartshorne T, Selvanayagam JB, Aylward PE, Sanders P, et al. The impact of atrial fibrillation type on the risk of thromboembolism, mortality, and bleeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2016; 37(20): 1591602. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw007
  75. Israel CW, Grönefeld G, Ehrlich JR, Li YG, Hohnloser SH. Long-term risk of recurrent atrial fibrillation as documented by an implantable monitoring device: Implications for optimal patient care. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004; 43(1): 4752. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2003.08.027
  76. Flaker GC, Belew K, Beckman K, Vidaillet H, Kron J, Safford R, et al. Asymptomatic atrial fibrillation: Demographic features and prognostic information from the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study. Am Heart J. 2005; 149(4): 65763. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.06.032
  77. Boriani G, Laroche C, Diemberger I, Fantecchi E, Popescu MI, Rasmussen LH, et al. Asymptomatic atrial fibrillation: clinical correlates, management, and outcomes in the EORP-AF Pilot General Registry. Am J Med. 2015; 128(5): 50918.e2. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.11.026
  78. Banerjee A, Taillandier S, Olesen JB, Lane DA, Lallemand B, Lip GY, et al. Pattern of atrial fibrillation and risk of outcomes: the Loire Valley Atrial Fibrillation Project. Int J Cardiol. 2013; 167(6): 26827. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.06.118
  79. Jabaudon D, Sztajzel J, Sievert K, Landis T, Sztajzel R. Usefulness of ambulatory 7-day ECG monitoring for the detection of atrial fibrillation and flutter after acute stroke and transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2004; 35(7): 164751. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000131269.69502.d9
  80. Edwards SJ, Wakefield V, Jhita T, Kew K, Cain P, Marceniuk G. Implantable cardiac monitors to detect atrial fibrillation after cryptogenic stroke: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2020; 24(5): 1184. DOI: 10.3310/hta24050
  81. Schnabel RB, Haeusler KG, Healey JS, Freedman B, Boriani G, Brachmann J, et al. Searching for Atrial Fibrillation Poststroke: A White Paper of the AF-SCREEN International Collaboration. Circulation. 2019; 140(22): 183450. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.040267
  82. Perez MV, Mahaffey KW, Hedlin H, Rumsfeld JS, Garcia A, Ferris T, et al. Large-Scale Assessment of a Smartwatch to Identify Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2019; 381(20): 190917. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1901183
  83. Brasier N, Raichle CJ, Dörr M, Becke A, Nohturfft V, Weber S, et al. Detection of atrial fibrillation with a smartphone camera: first prospective, international, two-centre, clinical validation study (DETECT AF PRO). Europace. 2019; 21(1): 417. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy176
  84. Guo Y, Wang H, Zhang H, Liu T, Liang Z, Xia Y, et al. Mobile Photoplethysmographic Technology to Detect Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019; 74(19): 236575. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.08.019
  85. Castaneda D, Esparza A, Ghamari M, Soltanpur C, Nazeran H. A review on wearable photoplethysmography sensors and their potential future applications in health care. Int J Biosens Bioelectron. 2018; 4(4): 195202. DOI: 10.15406/ijbsbe.2018.04.00125
  86. Dörr M, Nohturfft V, Brasier N, Bosshard E, Djurdjevic A, Gross S, et al. The WATCH AF Trial: SmartWATCHes for Detection of Atrial Fibrillation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2019; 5(2): 199208. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2018.10.006
  87. Perez MV, Mahaffey KW, Hedlin H, Rumsfeld JS, Garcia A, Ferris T, et al. Large-Scale Assessment of a Smartwatch to Identify Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2019; 381(20): 190917. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1901183
  88. Cheung CC, Gin KG, Andrade JG. Watch Out: The Many Limitations in Smartwatch-Driven AF Detection. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2019; 5(4): 5256. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2019.02.008
  89. Statista. Wearable user penetration rate in the United States, in 2017, by age; 2020.
  90. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). WatchBP Home A for opportunistically detecting atrial fibrillation during diagnosis and monitoring of hypertension; 2013: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/mtg13.
  91. Yan BP, Lai WHS, Chan CKY, Au ACK, Freedman B, Poh YC, et al. High-Throughput, Contact-Free Detection of Atrial Fibrillation From Video With Deep Learning. JAMA Cardiol. 2020; 5(1): 1057. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.4004
  92. Nijasri C, Suwanwela AC, Autjimanon H, Ounahachok T, Decha-umphai C, Chockchai S, et al. Atrial fibrillation prevalence and risk profile from novel community-based screening in Thailand: A prospective multi-centre study. IJC Heart & Vasculature. 2021; 32. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100709
  93. Behzadi A, Sepehri Shamloo A, Mouratis K, Hindricks G, Arya A, Bollmann A. Feasibility and Reliability of SmartWatch to Obtain 3-Lead Electrocardiogram Recordings. Sensors (Basel). 2020; 20(18). DOI: 10.3390/s20185074
  94. Bumgarner JM, Lambert CT, Hussein AA, Cantillon DJ, Baranowski B, Wolski K, et al. Smartwatch Algorithm for Automated Detection of Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018; 71(21): 23818. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.03.003
  95. Gwynn J, Gwynne K, Rodrigues R, Thompson S, Bolton G, Dimitropoulos Y, et al. Atrial Fibrillation in Indigenous Australians: A Multisite Screening Study Using a Single-Lead ECG Device in Aboriginal Primary Health Settings. Heart Lung Circ; 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.06.009
  96. Svennberg E, Engdahl J, Al-Khalili F, Friberg L, Frykman V, Rosenqvist M. Mass Screening for Untreated Atrial Fibrillation: The Strokestop Study. Circulation. 2015; 131(25): 217684. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014343
  97. Diamantino AC, Nascimento BR, Beaton AZ, Nunes MCP, Oliveira KKB, Rabelo LC, et al. Atrial fibrillation detection with a portable device during cardiovascular screening in primary care. Heart. 2020; 106(16): 12616. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-316277
  98. Silver LSA, Johnson C, Taylor K, Jiang J, Anderson M, Rainie L. Mobile Connectivity in Emerging Economies Pew Research Center; 2019.
  99. Communications TGSfM. The Mobile Economy 2020; 2020.
  100. Boriani G, Schnabel RB, Healey JS, Lopes RD, Verbiest-van Gurp N, Lobban T, et al. Consumer-led screening for atrial fibrillation using consumer-facing wearables, devices, and apps: A survey of health care professionals by AF-SCREEN international collaboration. Eur J Intern Med; 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.09.005
  101. Lopez-Jimenez F, Attia Z, Arruda-Olson AM, Carter R, Chareonthaitawee P, Jouni H, et al. Artificial Intelligence in Cardiology: Present and Future. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020; 95(5): 101539. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.01.038
  102. Attia ZI, Noseworthy PA, Lopez-Jimenez F, Asirvatham SJ, Deshmukh AJ, Gersh BJ, et al. An artificial intelligence-enabled ECG algorithm for the identification of patients with atrial fibrillation during sinus rhythm: A retrospective analysis of outcome prediction. Lancet. 2019; 394(10201): 8617. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31721-0
  103. Kashou AH, Rabinstein AA, Attia IZ, Asirvatham SJ, Gersh BJ, Friedman PA, et al. Recurrent cryptogenic stroke: A potential role for an artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiogram? HeartRhythm Case Rep. 2020; 6(4): 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2019.12.013
  104. Hart RG, Sharma M, Mundl H, Kasner SE, Bangdiwala SI, Berkowitz SD, et al. Rivaroxaban for Stroke Prevention after Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source. N Engl J Med. 2018; 378(23): 2191201. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1802686
  105. Diener HC, Sacco RL, Easton JD, Granger CB, Bernstein RA, Uchiyama S, et al. Dabigatran for Prevention of Stroke after Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source. N Engl J Med. 2019; 380(20): 190617. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1813959
  106. Noseworthy PA, Attia ZI, Brewer LC, Hayes SN, Yao X, Kapa S, et al. Assessing and Mitigating Bias in Medical Artificial Intelligence: The Effects of Race and Ethnicity on a Deep Learning Model for ECG Analysis. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2020; 13(3): e007988. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCEP.119.007988
  107. Steinberg JS, Varma N, Cygankiewicz I, Aziz P, Balsam P, Baranchuk A, et al. 2017 ISHNE-HRS expert consensus statement on ambulatory ECG and external cardiac monitoring/telemetry. Heart Rhythm. 2017; 14(7): e55e96. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.03.038
  108. Steinhubl SR, Waalen J, Edwards AM, Ariniello LM, Mehta RR, Ebner GS, et al. Effect of a Home-Based Wearable Continuous ECG Monitoring Patch on Detection of Undiagnosed Atrial Fibrillation: The mSToPS Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2018; 320(2): 14655. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2018.8102
  109. Gladstone DJ, Spring M, Dorian P, Panzov V, Thorpe KE, Hall J, et al. Atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370(26): 246777. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1311376
  110. Sanna T, Diener HC, Passman RS, Di Lazzaro V, Bernstein RA, Morillo CA, et al. Cryptogenic stroke and underlying atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370(26): 247886. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1313600
  111. Diederichsen SZ, Haugan KJ, Kronborg C, Graff C, Højberg S, Køber L, et al. Comprehensive Evaluation of Rhythm Monitoring Strategies in Screening for Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From Patients at Risk Monitored Long Term With an Implantable Loop Recorder. Circulation. 2020; 141(19): 151022. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.044407
  112. Chen Y, Huang QF, Sheng CS, Zhang W, Shao S, Wang D, et al. Detection rate and treatment gap for atrial fibrillation identified through screening in community health centers in China (AF-CATCH): A prospective multicenter study. PLoS Med. 2020; 17(7): e1003146. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003146
  113. Orchard J, Neubeck L, Freedman B, Li J, Webster R, Zwar N, et al. eHealth Tools to Provide Structured Assistance for Atrial Fibrillation Screening, Management, and Guideline-Recommended Therapy in Metropolitan General Practice: The AF – SMART Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019; 8(1): e010959. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.118.010959
  114. Tarride J-E, Dolovich L, Blackhouse G, Guertin JR, Burke N, Manja V, et al. Screening for atrial fibrillation in Canadian pharmacies: an economic evaluation. CMAJ open. 2017; 5(3): E653E61. DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20170042
  115. Alkmim MB, Figueira RM, Marcolino MS, Cardoso CS, Pena de Abreu M, Cunha LR, et al. Improving patient access to specialized health care: the Telehealth Network of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Bull World Health Organ. 2012; 90(5): 3738. DOI: 10.2471/BLT.11.099408
  116. Bunch TJ, Steinberg BA. Revisiting Rate versus Rhythm Control in Atrial Fibrillation — Timing Matters. N Engl J Med; 2020. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe2027180
  117. Kirchhof P, Camm AJ, Goette A, Brandes A, Eckardt L, Elvan A, et al. Early Rhythm-Control Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med; 2020. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2019422
  118. Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, Lane DA, Crijns HJ. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: The euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest. 2010; 137(2): 26372. DOI: 10.1378/chest.09-1584
  119. Borre ED, Goode A, Raitz G, Shah B, Lowenstern A, Chatterjee R, et al. Predicting Thromboembolic and Bleeding Event Risk in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review. Thromb Haemost. 2018; 118(12): 217187. DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1675400
  120. Al-Khatib SM, Allen LaPointe NM, Chatterjee R, Crowley MJ, Dupre ME, Kong DF, et al. Rate- and rhythm-control therapies in patients with atrial fibrillation: A systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2014; 160(11): 76073. DOI: 10.7326/M13-1467
  121. Tamariz LJ, Bass EB. Pharmacological rate control of atrial fibrillation. Cardiol Clin. 2004; 22(1): 3545. DOI: 10.1016/S0733-8651(03)00111-5
  122. Nikolaidou T, Channer KS. Chronic atrial fibrillation: A systematic review of medical heart rate control management. Postgrad Med J. 2009; 85(1004): 30312. DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2008.068908
  123. Marshall DA, Levy AR, Vidaillet H, Fenwick E, Slee A, Blackhouse G, et al. Cost-effectiveness of rhythm versus rate control in atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2004; 141(9): 65361. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-141-9-200411020-00005
  124. Mkoko P, Bahiru E, Ajijola OA, Bonny A, Chin A. Cardiac arrhythmias in low- and middle-income countries. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2020; 10(2): 35060. DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2019.09.21
  125. Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R, Kim YH, Saad EB, Aguinaga L, et al. HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm. 2017; 14(10): e275e444.
  126. Middeldorp ME, Ariyaratnam J, Lau D, Sanders P. Lifestyle modifications for treatment of atrial fibrillation. Heart. 2020; 106(5): 32532. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315327
  127. Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, Arbelo E, Bax JJ, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J; 2020.
  128. Camm AJ, Capucci A, Hohnloser SH, Torp-Pedersen C, Van Gelder IC, Mangal B, et al. A randomized active-controlled study comparing the efficacy and safety of vernakalant to amiodarone in recent-onset atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011; 57(3): 31321. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.07.046
  129. Markey GC, Salter N, Ryan J. Intravenous Flecainide for Emergency Department Management of Acute Atrial Fibrillation. J Emerg Med. 2018; 54(3): 3207. DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.11.016
  130. Reisinger J, Gatterer E, Lang W, Vanicek T, Eisserer G, Bachleitner T, et al. Flecainide versus ibutilide for immediate cardioversion of atrial fibrillation of recent onset. Eur Heart J. 2004; 25(15): 131824. DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2004.04.030
  131. Zhang N, Guo JH, Zhang H, Li XB, Zhang P, Xn Y. Comparison of intravenous ibutilide vs. propafenone for rapid termination of recent onset atrial fibrillation. Int J Clin Pract. 2005; 59(12): 1395400. DOI: 10.1111/j.1368-5031.2005.00705.x
  132. Roy D, Pratt CM, Torp-Pedersen C, Wyse DG, Toft E, Juul-Moller S, et al. Vernakalant hydrochloride for rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation: a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Circulation. 2008; 117(12): 151825. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.723866
  133. Conde D, Costabel JP, Caro M, Ferro A, Lambardi F, Corrales Barboza A, et al. Flecainide versus vernakalant for conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol. 2013; 168(3): 24235. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.02.006
  134. Martinez-Marcos FJ, Garcia-Garmendia JL, Ortega-Carpio A, Fernandez-Gomez JM, Santos JM, Camacho C. Comparison of intravenous flecainide, propafenone, and amiodarone for conversion of acute atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Am J Cardiol. 2000; 86(9): 9503. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9149(00)01128-0
  135. Arbelo E, Brugada J, Hindricks G, Maggioni A, Tavazzi L, Vardas P, et al. ESC-EURObservational Research Programme: The Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Pilot Study, conducted by the European Heart Rhythm Association. Europace. 2012; 14(8): 1094103. DOI: 10.1093/europace/eus153
  136. Arbelo E, Brugada J, Hindricks G, Maggioni AP, Tavazzi L, Vardas P, et al. The atrial fibrillation ablation pilot study: A European Survey on Methodology and results of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation conducted by the European Heart Rhythm Association. Eur Heart J. 2014; 35(22): 146678. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu001
  137. Arbelo E, Brugada J, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Laroche C, Kautzner J, Pokushalov E, et al. Contemporary management of patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation: in-hospital and 1-year follow-up findings from the ESC-EHRA atrial fibrillation ablation long-term registry. Eur Heart J. 2017; 38(17): 130316. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw564
  138. Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R, Kim YH, Saad EB, Aguinaga L, et al. 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Executive summary. Europace. 2018; 20(1): 157208. DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux275
  139. Hindricks G, Sepehri Shamloo A, Lenarczyk R, Kalarus Z, Arya A, Kircher S, et al. Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Current status, techniques, outcomes and challenges. Kardiol Pol. 2018; 76(12): 16806. DOI: 10.5603/KP.a2018.0216
  140. Keegan R, Aguinaga L, Fenelon G, Uribe W, Rodriguez Diez G, Scanavacca M, et al. The first Latin American Catheter Ablation Registry. Europace. 2015; 17(5): 794800. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euu322
  141. Keegan R, et al. Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in Latin America: Results of the first registry of the Latin American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology Cardiac (SOLAECE). RevUrugCardiol. 2016; 31(1): 16575.
  142. Bonny A, Ngantcha M, Scholtz W, Chin A, Nel G, Anzouan-Kacou J-B, et al. Cardiac Arrhythmias in Africa: Epidemiology, Management Challenges, and Perspectives. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2019; 73(1): 1009. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.09.084
  143. Bonny A, Ngantcha M, Yuyun M, Karaye KM, Scholtz W, Suliman A, et al. Cardiac arrhythmia services in Africa from 2011 to 2018: The second report from the Pan African Society of Cardiology working group on cardiac arrhythmias and pacing. Europace. 2020; 22(3): 42033. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz354
  144. Bonny A, Ngantcha M, Yuyun MF, Karaye KM, Scholtz W, Suliman A, et al. Cardiac arrhythmia services in Africa from 2011 to 2018: The second report from the Pan African Society of Cardiology working group on cardiac arrhythmias and pacing. EP Europace. 2020; 22(3): 42033. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz354
  145. Ntep-Gweth M, Zimmermann M, Meiltz A, Kingue S, Ndobo P, Urban P, et al. Atrial fibrillation in Africa: clinical characteristics, prognosis, and adherence to guidelines in Cameroon. Europace: European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology: journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology. 2010; 12(4): 4827. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euq006
  146. Ettarh R. Patterns of international collaboration in cardiovascular research in sub-Saharan Africa. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa. 2016; 27(3): 194. DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2015-082
  147. Mkoko P, Bahiru E, Ajijola OA, Bonny A, Chin A. Cardiac arrhythmias in low-and middle-income countries. Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy. 2020; 10(2): 350. DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2019.09.21
  148. Agyepong IA, Sewankambo N, Binagwaho A, Coll-Seck AM, Corrah T, Ezeh A, et al. The path to longer and healthier lives for all Africans by 2030: The Lancet Commission on the future of health in sub-Saharan Africa. The Lancet. 2017; 390(10114): 280359. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31509-X
  149. The World Bank. Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Africa: A Framework for Action: Main Report. The World Bank; 2016.
  150. Healey JS, Crystal E, Lamy A, Teoh K, Semelhago L, Hohnloser SH, et al. Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Study (LAAOS): Results of a randomized controlled pilot study of left atrial appendage occlusion during coronary bypass surgery in patients at risk for stroke. Am Heart J. 2005; 150(2): 28893. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.09.054
  151. Whitlock RP, Vincent J, Blackall MH, Hirsh J, Fremes S, Novick R, et al. Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Study II (LAAOS II). Can J Cardiol. 2013; 29(11): 14437. DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.06.015
  152. Tsai YC, Phan K, Munkholm-Larsen S, Tian DH, La Meir M, Yan TD. Surgical left atrial appendage occlusion during cardiac surgery for patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2015; 47(5): 84754. DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezu291
  153. Holmes DR, Jr., Doshi SK, Kar S, Price MJ, Sanchez JM, Sievert H, et al. Left Atrial Appendage Closure as an Alternative to Warfarin for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: A Patient-Level Meta-Analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015; 65(24): 261423. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.04.025
  154. Boersma LV, Ince H, Kische S, Pokushalov E, Schmitz T, Schmidt B, et al. Efficacy and safety of left atrial appendage closure with WATCHMAN in patients with or without contraindication to oral anticoagulation: 1-Year follow-up outcome data of the EWOLUTION trial. Heart Rhythm. 2017; 14(9): 13028. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.05.038
  155. Hicks T, Stewart F, Eisinga A. NOACs versus warfarin for stroke prevention in patients with AF: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open heart. 2016; 3(1): e000279. DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2015-000279
  156. Laing R, Waning B, Gray A, Ford N, Hoen E. 25 years of the WHO essential medicines lists: progress and challenges. The Lancet. 2003; 361(9370): 17239. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13375-2
  157. Di Cesare M, Jarvis JD, Scarlatescu O, Leng X, Zaidel EJ, Burrone E, et al. NOACs Added to WHO’s Essential Medicines List: Recommendations for Future Policy Actions. Glob Heart. 2020; 15(1): 67. DOI: 10.5334/gh.774
  158. Cowan JC, Wu J, Hall M, Orlowski A, West RM, Gale CP. A 10 year study of hospitalized atrial fibrillation-related stroke in England and its association with uptake of oral anticoagulation. Eur Heart J. 2018; 39(32): 297583. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy411
  159. Chao TF, Chiang CE, Lin YJ, Chang SL, Lo LW, Hu YF, et al. Evolving Changes of the Use of Oral Anticoagulants and Outcomes in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation in Taiwan. Circulation. 2018; 138(14): 14857. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036046
  160. Lee SR, Choi EK, Han KD, Cha MJ, Oh S, Lip GYH. Temporal trends of antithrombotic therapy for stroke prevention in Korean patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in the era of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants: A nationwide population-based study. PLoS One. 2017; 12(12): e0189495. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189495
  161. Wallentin L, Yusuf S, Ezekowitz MD, Alings M, Flather M, Franzosi MG, et al. Efficacy and safety of dabigatran compared with warfarin at different levels of international normalised ratio control for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the RE-LY trial. Lancet. 2010; 376(9745): 97583. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61194-4
  162. Gamra H, Murin J, Chiang CE, Naditch-Brûlé L, Brette S, Steg PG. Use of antithrombotics in atrial fibrillation in Africa, Europe, Asia and South America: insights from the International RealiseAF Survey. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2014; 107(2): 7787. DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2014.01.001
  163. Guo J, Guan T, Fan S, Chao B, Wang L, Liu Y. Underuse of Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation in China. Am J Cardiol. 2018; 122(12): 205561. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.08.057
  164. Chang SS, Dong JZ, Ma CS, Du X, Wu JH, Tang RB, et al. Current Status and Time Trends of Oral Anticoagulation Use Among Chinese Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: The Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study. Stroke. 2016; 47(7): 180310. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.012988
  165. Karthikeyan G, Connolly SJ, Ntsekhe M, Benz A, Rangarajan S, Lewis G, et al. The INVICTUS rheumatic heart disease research program: Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of a randomized trial of rivaroxaban compared to vitamin K antagonists in rheumatic valvular disease and atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J. 2020; 225: 6977. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.03.018
  166. Guimarães HP, Lopes RD, de Barros ESPGM, Liporace IL, Sampaio RO, Tarasoutchi F, et al. Rivaroxaban in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and a Bioprosthetic Mitral Valve. N Engl J Med. 2020; 383(22): 211726. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2029603
  167. Meyer S, Frei CR, Daniels KR, Forcade NA, Bussey M, Bussey-Smith KL, et al. Impact of a new method of warfarin management on patient satisfaction, time, and cost. Pharmacotherapy. 2013; 33(11): 114755. DOI: 10.1002/phar.1344
  168. Barcellona D, Fenu L, Marongiu F. Point-of-care testing INR: An overview. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2017; 55(6): 8005. DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-0381
  169. Singer DE, Hellkamp AS, Piccini JP, Mahaffey KW, Lokhnygina Y, Pan G, et al. Impact of global geographic region on time in therapeutic range on warfarin anticoagulant therapy: Data from the ROCKET AF clinical trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013; 2(1): e000067. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.112.000067
  170. Lowres N, Freedman B. Time to develop guidelines for screening and management of atrial fibrillation in Indigenous Australians. Med J Aust. 2020; 212(5): 2123. DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50513
  171. Nedkoff L, Kelty EA, Hung J, Thompson SC, Katzenellenbogen JM. Differences in stroke risk and cardiovascular mortality for Aboriginal and other Australian patients with atrial fibrillation. Med J Aust. 2020; 212(5): 21521. DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50496
  172. Gu Y, Doughty RN, Freedman B, Kennelly J, Warren J, Harwood M, et al. Burden of atrial fibrillation in Māori and Pacific people in New Zealand: A cohort study. Intern Med J. 2018; 48(3): 3019. DOI: 10.1111/imj.13648
  173. Marcolino MS, Polanczyk CA, Bovendorp AC, Marques NS, Silva LA, Turquia CP, et al. Economic evaluation of the new oral anticoagulants for the prevention of thromboembolic events: A cost-minimization analysis. Sao Paulo Med J. 2016; 134(4): 3229. DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2016.0019260216
  174. Deshpande CG, Kogut S, Laforge R, Willey C. Impact of medication adherence on risk of ischemic stroke, major bleeding and deep vein thrombosis in atrial fibrillation patients using novel oral anticoagulants. Curr Med Res Opin. 2018; 34(7): 128592. DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1428543
  175. Alberts MJ, Peacock WF, Fields LE, Bunz TJ, Nguyen E, Milentijevic D, et al. Association between once- and twice-daily direct oral anticoagulant adherence in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients and rates of ischemic stroke. Int J Cardiol. 2016; 215: 113. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.212
  176. Borne RT, O’Donnell C, Turakhia MP, Varosy PD, Jackevicius CA, Marzec LN, et al. Adherence and outcomes to direct oral anticoagulants among patients with atrial fibrillation: Findings from the veterans health administration. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2017; 17(1): 236. DOI: 10.1186/s12872-017-0671-6
  177. Manzoor BS, Lee TA, Sharp LK, Walton SM, Galanter WL, Nutescu EA. Real-World Adherence and Persistence with Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Adults with Atrial Fibrillation. Pharmacotherapy. 2017; 37(10): 122130. DOI: 10.1002/phar.1989
  178. Maura G, Billionnet C, Alla F, Gagne JJ, Pariente A. Comparison of Treatment Persistence with Dabigatran or Rivaroxaban versus Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: A Competing Risk Analysis in the French National Health Care Databases. Pharmacotherapy. 2018; 38(1): 618. DOI: 10.1002/phar.2046
  179. Mueller T, Alvarez-Madrazo S, Robertson C, Bennie M. Use of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation in Scotland: Applying a coherent framework to drug utilisation studies. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2017; 26(11): 137886. DOI: 10.1002/pds.4272
  180. Rodriguez-Bernal CL, Peiro S, Hurtado I, Garcia-Sempere A, Sanfelix-Gimeno G. Primary Nonadherence to Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Real-World Data from a Population-Based Cohort. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2018; 24(5): 4408. DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2018.24.5.440
  181. Emren SV, Senoz O, Bilgin M, Beton O, Aslan A, Taskin U, et al. Drug Adherence in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Taking Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Turkey: NOAC-TR. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2018; 24(3): 52531. DOI: 10.1177/1076029617693940
  182. Buchholz A, Ueberham L, Gorczynska K, Dinov B, Hilbert S, Dagres N, et al. Initial apixaban dosing in patients with atrial fibrillation. Clin Cardiol. 2018; 41(5): 6716. DOI: 10.1002/clc.22949
  183. Harper P, Pollock D, Stephens M. Dabigatran persistence and adherence in New Zealand: a nationwide retrospective observational study. BMJ Open. 2018; 8(4): e020212. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020212
  184. Reading SR, Black MH, Singer DE, Go AS, Fang MC, Udaltsova N, et al. Risk factors for medication non-adherence among atrial fibrillation patients. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2019; 19(1): 38. DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1019-1
  185. Gomez-Lumbreras A, Cortes J, Giner-Soriano M, Quijada-Manuitt MA, Morros R. Characteristics of Apixaban-Treated Patients, Evaluation of the Dose Prescribed, and the Persistence of Treatment: A Cohort Study in Catalonia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2018; 23(6): 494501. DOI: 10.1177/1074248418778544
  186. Nobili A, Marengoni A, Tettamanti M, Salerno F, Pasina L, Franchi C, et al. Association between clusters of diseases and polypharmacy in hospitalized elderly patients: Results from the REPOSI study. Eur J Intern Med. 2011; 22(6): 597602. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.08.029
  187. Noseworthy PA, Brito JP, Kunneman M, Hargraves IG, Zeballos-Palacios C, Montori VM, et al. Shared decision-making in atrial fibrillation: Navigating complex issues in partnership with the patient. J Interv Card Electrophysiol; 2018. DOI: 10.1007/s10840-018-0465-5
  188. Pritchett RV, Bem D, Turner GM, Thomas GN, Clarke JL, Fellows R, et al. Improving the Prescription of Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review. Thromb Haemost. 2019; 119(2): 294307. DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1676835
  189. Martinez C, Wallenhorst C, Rietbrock S, Freedman B. Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Risk Following Vitamin K Antagonist Cessation in Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation: A Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020; 9(2): e014376. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.119.014376
  190. Lowres N, Giskes K, Freedman B. Next frontier for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: Ensuring anticoagulant persistence. Heart; 2020. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318392
  191. Nutbeam D. The evolving concept of health literacy. Soc Sci Med. 2008; 67(12): 20728. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.09.050
  192. Lane DA, Meyerhoff J, Rohner U, Lip GYH. Atrial fibrillation patient preferences for oral anticoagulation and stroke knowledge: Results of a conjoint analysis. Clin Cardiol. 2018; 41(6): 85561. DOI: 10.1002/clc.22971
  193. Hoe R, Lin W, Bautista MAC, Vrijhoef HJM, Lim TW. Validation of a questionnaire measuring patient knowledge of atrial fibrillation in an Asian cohort. Heart Asia. 2019; 11(1): e011143. DOI: 10.1136/heartasia-2018-011143
  194. Amara W, Larsen TB, Sciaraffia E, Hernández Madrid A, Chen J, Estner H, et al. Patients’ attitude and knowledge about oral anticoagulation therapy: results of a self-assessment survey in patients with atrial fibrillation conducted by the European Heart Rhythm Association. EP Europace. 2015; 18(1): 1515. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv317
  195. Seligman WH, Das-Gupta Z, Jobi-Odeneye AO, Arbelo E, Banerjee A, Bollmann A, et al. Development of an international standard set of outcome measures for patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) atrial fibrillation working group. Eur Heart J. 2020; 41(10): 113240. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz871
  196. Arbelo E, Aktaa S, Bollmann A, D’Avila A, Drossart I, Dwight J, et al. Quality indicators for the care and outcomes of adults with atrial fibrillation. Europace; 2020.
  197. Smet L, Heggermont WA, Goossens E, Eeckloo K, Vander Stichele R, De Potter T, et al. Adherence, knowledge, and perception about oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation at high risk for thromboembolic events after radiofrequency ablation. J Adv Nurs. 2018; 74(11): 257787. DOI: 10.1111/jan.13780
  198. Maikranz V, Siebenhofer A, Ulrich L-R, Mergenthal K, Schulz-Rothe S, Kemperdick B, et al. Does a complex intervention increase patient knowledge about oral anticoagulation? A cluster-randomised controlled trial. BMC Fam Pract. 2017; 18(1): 15. DOI: 10.1186/s12875-017-0588-2
  199. Desteghe L, Germeys J, Vijgen J, Koopman P, Dilling-Boer D, Schurmans J, et al. Effectiveness and usability of an online tailored education platform for atrial fibrillation patients undergoing a direct current cardioversion or pulmonary vein isolation. Int J Cardiol. 2018; 272: 1239. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.07.065
  200. Marquez-Contreras E, Martell-Claros N, Marquez-Rivero S, Hermida-Campa E, Gracia-Diez C, Sanchez-Lopez E, et al. Strategies for improving dabigatran adherence for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: Education and drug intake reminders (FACILITA study). Curr Med Res Opin. 2018; 34(7): 13018. DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1435519
  201. Vinereanu D, Lopes RD, Bahit MC, Xavier D, Jiang J, Al-Khalidi HR, et al. A multifaceted intervention to improve treatment with oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation (IMPACT-AF): An international, cluster-randomised trial. The Lancet. 2017; 390(10104): 173746. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32165-7
  202. Guo Y, Lane DA, Wang L, Zhang H, Wang H, Zhang W, et al. Mobile health technology to improve care for patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020; 75(13): 152334. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.01.052
  203. Eckman MH, Costea A, Attari M, Munjal J, Wise RE, Knochelmann C, et al. Shared decision-making tool for thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation – A feasibility study. Am Heart J. 2018; 199: 1321. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2018.01.003
  204. Stephan LS, Almeida ED, Guimaraes RB, Ley AG, Mathias RG, Assis MV, et al. Oral Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation: Development and Evaluation of a Mobile Health Application to Support Shared Decision-Making. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 110(1): 715. DOI: 10.5935/abc.20170181
  205. Rolls CA, Obamiro KO, Chalmers L, Bereznicki LRE. The relationship between knowledge, health literacy, and adherence among patients taking oral anticoagulants for stroke thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Ther. 2017; 35(6). DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12304
  206. Heidbuchel H, Dagres N, Antz M, Kuck K-H, Lazure P, Murray S, et al. Major knowledge gaps and system barriers to guideline implementation among European physicians treating patients with atrial fibrillation: A European Society of Cardiology international educational needs assessment. Ep Europace. 2018; 20(12): 191928. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy039
  207. Steffel J, Verhamme P, Potpara TS, Albaladejo P, Antz M, Desteghe L, et al. The 2018 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary. EP Europace. 2018; 20(8): 123142. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy054
  208. Orchard JJ, Neubeck L, Orchard JW, Puranik R, Raju H, Freedman B, et al. ECG-based cardiac screening programs: Legal, ethical, and logistical considerations. Heart Rhythm. 2019; 16(10): 158491. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.03.025
  209. Zhang L, Gallagher R, Neubeck L. Health-related quality of life in atrial fibrillation patients over 65 years: a review. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015; 22(8): 9871002. DOI: 10.1177/2047487314538855
  210. Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, Ahlsson A, Atar D, Casadei B, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2016; 50(5): e1e88.
  211. Kirchhof P. The future of atrial fibrillation management: Integrated care and stratified therapy. The Lancet. 2017; 390(10105): 187387. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31072-3
  212. Pastori D, Menichelli D, Violi F, Pignatelli P, G YHL. The Atrial fibrillation Better Care (ABC) pathway and cardiac complications in atrial fibrillation: A potential sex-based difference. The ATHERO-AF study. Eur J Intern Med; 2020. DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0346
  213. Healey JS, Oldgren J, Ezekowitz M, Zhu J, Pais P, Wang J, et al. Occurrence of death and stroke in patients in 47 countries 1 year after presenting with atrial fibrillation: a cohort study. Lancet. 2016; 388(10050): 11619. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30968-0
  214. Schnabel RB, Yin X, Gona P, Larson MG, Beiser AS, McManus DD, et al. 50 year trends in atrial fibrillation prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and mortality in the Framingham Heart Study: A cohort study. The Lancet. 2015; 386(9989): 15462. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61774-8
  215. Rahman F, Wang N, Yin X, Ellinor PT, Lubitz SA, LeLorier PA, et al. Atrial flutter: Clinical risk factors and adverse outcomes in the Framingham Heart Study. Heart Rhythm. 2016; 13(1): 23340. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.07.031
  216. Chung MK, Eckhardt LL, Chen LY, Ahmed HM, Gopinathannair R, Joglar JA, et al. Lifestyle and Risk Factor Modification for Reduction of Atrial Fibrillation: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020; 141(16): e750e72. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000748
  217. Wong JA, Conen D, Van Gelder IC, McIntyre WF, Crijns HJ, Wang J, et al. Progression of Device-Detected Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation and the Risk of Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018; 71(23): 260311. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.03.519
  218. Roy D, Talajic M, Nattel S, Wyse DG, Dorian P, Lee KL, et al. Rhythm control versus rate control for atrial fibrillation and heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358(25): 266777. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0708789
  219. Marrouche NF, Brachmann J, Andresen D, Siebels J, Boersma L, Jordaens L, et al. Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation with Heart Failure. N Engl J Med. 2018; 378(5): 41727. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1707855
  220. Gaita F, Leclercq JF, Schumacher B, Scaglione M, Toso E, Halimi F, et al. Incidence of silent cerebral thromboembolic lesions after atrial fibrillation ablation may change according to technology used: comparison of irrigated radiofrequency, multipolar nonirrigated catheter and cryoballoon. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2011; 22(9): 9618. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2011.02050.x
  221. Conen D, Rodondi N, Müller A, Beer JH, Ammann P, Moschovitis G, et al. Relationships of Overt and Silent Brain Lesions with Cognitive Function in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019; 73(9): 98999. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.12.039
  222. Thacker EL, McKnight B, Psaty BM, Longstreth WT, Jr., Sitlani CM, Dublin S, et al. Atrial fibrillation and cognitive decline: A longitudinal cohort study. Neurology. 2013; 81(2): 11925. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31829a33d1
  223. Lopes RD, Alings M, Connolly SJ, Beresh H, Granger CB, Mazuecos JB, et al. Rationale and design of the Apixaban for the Reduction of Thrombo-Embolism in Patients with Device-Detected Sub-Clinical Atrial Fibrillation (ARTESiA) trial. Am Heart J. 2017; 189: 13745. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2017.04.008
  224. Rivard L, Khairy P, Talajic M, Tardif JC, Nattel S, Bherer L, et al. Blinded Randomized Trial of Anticoagulation to Prevent Ischemic Stroke and Neurocognitive Impairment in Atrial Fibrillation (BRAIN-AF): Methods and Design. Can J Cardiol. 2019; 35(8): 106977. DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.04.022
  225. Claes N, Van Laethem C, Goethals M, Goethals P, Mairesse G, Schwagten B, et al. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in adults participating in a large-scale voluntary screening programme in Belgium. Acta Cardiol. 2012; 67(3): 2738. DOI: 10.1080/AC.67.3.2160714
  226. Zhou Z, Hu D. An Epidemiological Study on the Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation in the Chinese Population of Mainland China. J Epidemiol. 2008; 18(5): 20916. DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE2008021
  227. Wang Z, Chen Z, Wang X, Zhang L, Li S, Tian Y, et al. The Disease Burden of Atrial Fibrillation in China from a National Cross-sectional Survey. Am J Cardiol. 2018; 122(5): 7938. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.05.015
  228. Fitzmaurice DA, Hobbs FDR, Jowett S, Mant J, Murray ET, Holder R, et al. Screening versus routine practice in detection of atrial fibrillation in patients aged 65 or over: Cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2007; 335(7616): 383. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39280.660567.55
  229. Davis RC, Hobbs FDR, Kenkre JE, Roalfe AK, Iles R, Lip GYH, et al. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the general population and in high-risk groups: the ECHOES study. EP Europace. 2012; 14(11): 15539. DOI: 10.1093/europace/eus087
  230. Schnabel RB, Wilde S, Wild PS, Munzel T, Blankenberg S. Atrial fibrillation: Its prevalence and risk factor profile in the German general population. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 2012; 109(16): 293. DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2012.0293
  231. Bilato C, Corti M-C, Baggio G, Rampazzo D, Cutolo A, Iliceto S, et al. Prevalence, Functional Impact, and Mortality of Atrial Fibrillation in an Older Italian Population (from the Pro.V.A. Study). Am J Cardiol. 2009; 104(8): 10927. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.05.058
  232. Di Carlo A, Bellino L, Consoli D, Mori F, Zaninelli A, Baldereschi M, et al. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the Italian elderly population and projections from 2020 to 2060 for Italy and the European Union: The FAI Project. Europace. 2019; 21(10): 146875. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz141
  233. Bonhorst D, Mendes M, Adragão P, De Sousa J, Primo J, Leiria E, et al. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the Portuguese population aged 40 and over: The FAMA study. Rev Port Cardiol. 2010; 29(3): 33150.
  234. Monteiro P. The SAFIRA study: A reflection on the prevalence and treatment patterns of atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular risk factors in 7500 elderly subjects. Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition). 2018; 37(4): 30713. DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2017.08.006
  235. Gómez-Doblas JJ, Muñiz J, Martin JJA, Rodríguez-Roca G, Lobos JM, Awamleh P, et al. Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation in Spain. OFRECE Study Results. Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition). 2014; 67(4): 25969. DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2013.07.014
  236. Joan Sala RM, Marrugat J, Pena A. Prevalencia de fibrilación auricular en la provincia de Girona: el Estudio REGICOR. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2001; 54(10): 1240. DOI: 10.1016/S0300-8932(01)76486-X
  237. Engdahl J, Andersson L, Mirskaya M, Rosenqvist M. Stepwise Screening of Atrial Fibrillation in a 75-Year-Old Population. Circulation. 2013; 127(8): 9307. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.126656
  238. Andersson P, Löndahl M, Abdon N-J, Terent A. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation in a geographically well-defined population in Northern Sweden: implications for anticoagulation prophylaxis. J Intern Med. 2012; 272(2): 1706. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02519.x
  239. Koopman JJE, van Bodegom D, Westendorp RGJ, Jukema JW. Scarcity of atrial fibrillation in a traditional African population: A community-based study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2014; 14(1): 87. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-14-87
  240. Dewhurst MJ, Adams PC, Gray WK, Dewhurst F, Orega GP, Chaote P, et al. Strikingly low prevalence of atrial fibrillation in elderly Tanzanians. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012; 60(6): 113540. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03963.x
  241. Tegene E, Tadesse I, Markos Y, Gobena T. Prevalence and risk factors for atrial fibrillation and its anticoagulant requirement in adults aged ≥40 in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2019; 22: 199204. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2019.02.003
  242. Allan V, Honarbakhsh S, Casas JP, Wallace J, Hunter R, Schilling R, et al. Are cardiovascular risk factors also associated with the incidence of atrial fibrillation? A systematic review and field synopsis of 23 factors in 32 population-based cohorts of 20 million participants. Thromb Haemost. 2017; 117(5): 83750. DOI: 10.1160/TH16-11-0825
  243. Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Alonso A, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019; 139(10): e56e528.
  244. Kirchhof P, Lip GY, Van Gelder IC, Bax J, Hylek E, Kaab S, et al. Comprehensive risk reduction in patients with atrial fibrillation: Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic options—A report from the 3rd Atrial Fibrillation Competence NETwork/European Heart Rhythm Association consensus conference. Europace. 2012; 14(1): 827. DOI: 10.1093/europace/eur241
  245. Chang SH, Kuo CF, Chou IJ, See LC, Yu KH, Luo SF, et al. Association of a Family History of Atrial Fibrillation with Incidence and Outcomes of Atrial Fibrillation: A Population-Based Family Cohort Study. JAMA Cardiol. 2017; 2(8): 86370. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2017.1855
  246. Fox CS, Parise H, D’Agostino RB, Sr., Lloyd-Jones DM, Vasan RS, Wang TJ, et al. Parental atrial fibrillation as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in offspring. JAMA. 2004; 291(23): 28515. DOI: 10.1001/jama.291.23.2851
  247. Lubitz SA, Yin X, Fontes JD, Magnani JW, Rienstra M, Pai M, et al. Association between familial atrial fibrillation and risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation. JAMA. 2010; 304(20): 22639. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2010.1690
  248. Zoller B, Ohlsson H, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. High familial risk of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter in multiplex families: a nationwide family study in Sweden. J Am Heart Assoc. 2012; 2(1): e003384. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.112.003384
  249. Giacomantonio NB, Bredin SS, Foulds HJ, Warburton DE. A systematic review of the health benefits of exercise rehabilitation in persons living with atrial fibrillation. Can J Cardiol. 2013; 29(4): 48391. DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.003
  250. Andersen K, Farahmand B, Ahlbom A, Held C, Ljunghall S, Michaelsson K, et al. Risk of arrhythmias in 52 755 long-distance cross-country skiers: A cohort study. Eur Heart J. 2013; 34(47): 362431. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht188
  251. Shamloo AS, Dagres N, Arya A, Hindricks G. Atrial fibrillation: A review of modifiable risk factors and preventive strategies. Rom J Intern Med. 2019; 57(2): 99109. DOI: 10.2478/rjim-2018-0045
  252. Furberg CD, Psaty BM, Manolio TA, Gardin JM, Smith VE, Rautaharju PM. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in elderly subjects (the Cardiovascular Health Study). Am J Cardiol. 1994; 74(3): 23641. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(94)90363-8
  253. Santhanakrishnan R, Wang N, Larson MG, Magnani JW, McManus DD, Lubitz SA, et al. Atrial Fibrillation Begets Heart Failure and Vice Versa: Temporal Associations and Differences in Preserved Versus Reduced Ejection Fraction. Circulation. 2016; 133(5): 48492. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018614
  254. Lip GYH, Collet JP, de Caterina R, Fauchier L, Lane DA, Larsen TB, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation Associated with Valvular Heart Disease: Executive Summary of a Joint Consensus Document from the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis, Endorsed by the ESC Working Group on Valvular Heart Disease, Cardiac Arrhythmia Society of Southern Africa (CASSA), Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), South African Heart (SA Heart) Association and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulacion Cardiaca y Electrofisiologia (SOLEACE). Thromb Haemost. 2017; 117(12): 221536. DOI: 10.1160/TH-17-10-0709
  255. Benjamin EJ, Levy D, Vaziri SM, D’Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, Wolf PA. Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA. 1994; 271(11): 8404. DOI: 10.1001/jama.1994.03510350050036
  256. Loomba RS, Buelow MW, Aggarwal S, Arora RR, Kovach J, Ginde S. Arrhythmias in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease: What Are Risk Factors for Specific Arrhythmias? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2017; 40(4): 35361. DOI: 10.1111/pace.12983
  257. Alonso A, Jensen PN, Lopez FL, Chen LY, Psaty BM, Folsom AR, et al. Association of sick sinus syndrome with incident cardiovascular disease and mortality: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study and Cardiovascular Health Study. PLoS One. 2014; 9(10): e109662. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109662
  258. Aune D, Feng T, Schlesinger S, Janszky I, Norat T, Riboli E. Diabetes mellitus, blood glucose and the risk of atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Diabetes Complications. 2018; 32(5): 50111. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.02.004
  259. Alonso A, Lopez FL, Matsushita K, Loehr LR, Agarwal SK, Chen LY, et al. Chronic kidney disease is associated with the incidence of atrial fibrillation: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Circulation. 2011; 123(25): 294653. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.020982
  260. Bansal N, Zelnick LR, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, de Boer IH, Deo R, et al. eGFR and Albuminuria in Relation to Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-Analysis of the Jackson Heart Study, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and the Cardiovascular Health Study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017; 12(9): 138698. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.01860217
  261. Asad Z, Abbas M, Javed I, Korantzopoulos P, Stavrakis S. Obesity is associated with incident atrial fibrillation independent of gender: A meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2018; 29(5): 72532. DOI: 10.1111/jce.13458
  262. Aune D, Sen A, Schlesinger S, Norat T, Janszky I, Romundstad P, et al. Body mass index, abdominal fatness, fat mass and the risk of atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Epidemiol. 2017; 32(3): 18192. DOI: 10.1007/s10654-017-0232-4
  263. Desai R, Patel U, Singh S, Bhuva R, Fong HK, Nunna P, et al. The burden and impact of arrhythmia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample. Int J Cardiol. 2019; 281: 4955. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.01.074
  264. Steffel J, Verhamme P, Potpara TS, Albaladejo P, Antz M, Desteghe L, et al. The 2018 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 2018; 39(16): 133093. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy136
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.1023 | Journal eISSN: 2211-8179
Language: English
Submitted on: Mar 3, 2021
Accepted on: May 6, 2021
Published on: May 27, 2021
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2021 Ben Freedman, Gerhard Hindricks, Amitava Banerjee, Adrian Baranchuk, Chi Keong Ching, Xin Du, Donna Fitzsimons, Jeff S. Healey, Takanori Ikeda, Trudie C. A. Lobban, Amam Mbakwem, Calambur Narasimhan, Lis Neubeck, Peter Noseworthy, Daniel M. Philbin, Fausto J. Pinto, Joselyn Rwebembera, Renate B. Schnabel, Jesper Hastrup Svendsen, Luis Aguinaga, Elena Arbelo, Michael Böhm, Hasan Ali Farhan, F. D. Richard Hobbs, Antoni Martínez-Rubio, Claudio Militello, Nitish Naik, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Pablo Perel, Daniel José Piñero, Antonio Luiz Ribeiro, Janina Stepinska, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.