Table 1
Number and ASR of prevalence, mortality, and DALYs of HHD per 100,000 people in East Asia between 1990 and 2021.
| 1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NUMBER (95% UI) | ASR (95% UI) | NUMBER (95% UI) | ASR (95% UI) | AAPC(95%CI) | |
| Prevalence | |||||
| China | 1,503,019 (1,161,178–1,916,382) | 218.24 (169.31,274.83) | 3,912,158 (2,989,417–5,056,002) | 192.47 (146.68,245.02) | –0.44 (–0.46,–0.42) |
| Japan | 75,062 (51,652–100,265) | 48.72 (34.43,64.72) | 195,613 (140,989–264,657) | 44.91 (33.64,58.26) | –0.41 (–0.49,–0.32) |
| South Korea | 28,327 (21,349–36,057) | 107.71 (78.22,142.23) | 91,856 (71,867–116,578) | 103.01 (81.11,129.99) | –0.19 (–0.23,–0.15) |
| China-Taiwan | 26,792 (20,270–35,311) | 196.57 (147.5,260.35) | 99,331 (76,001–129,684) | 230.62 (178.4,301.01) | 0.51 (0.46,0.56) |
| North Korea | 20,489 (15,857–26,581) | 160.25 (121.53,211) | 54,979 (42,119–71,899) | 181.41 (139.98,237.86) | 0.39 (0.39,0.40) |
| Mongolia | 522 (354–728) | 53.59 (35.77,75.28) | 962 (662–1362) | 51.94 (34.09,75.66) | –0.10 (–0.11,–0.08) |
| Death | |||||
| China | 232,479 (155,806–275,584) | 42.64 (30.32,49.56) | 328,119 (224,717–425,288) | 18.85 (12.89,24.47) | –0.80 (–0.83,–0.77) |
| Japan | 13,658 (11,918–14,608) | 9.58 (8.21,10.32) | 15,943 (11,809–18,385) | 2.56 (2.02,2.88) | –2.61 (–2.70,–2.55) |
| South Korea | 3,215 (2,109–3,826) | 18.08 (12.81,21.49) | 4,888 (3,500–7,596) | 5.63 (4,8.66) | –4.10 (–4.36,–3.87) |
| China-Taiwan | 2,685 (2,537–2,813) | 23.78 (21.72,25.18) | 4,921 (4,180–5,406) | 10.91 (9.36,11.99) | –3.77 (–3.92,–3.65) |
| North Korea | 3,247 (2,033–4,546) | 29.48 (18.79,43.56) | 7,460 (5,358–10,092) | 26.83 (19.35,36.15) | –0.31 (–0.32,–0.29) |
| Mongolia | 126 (79–185) | 13.8 (8.63,20.25) | 152 (102–216) | 9.01 (6,12.88) | –1.40 (–1.51,–1.25) |
| DALYs | |||||
| China | 4,971,332 (3,273,139–5,916,486) | 716.02 (488.69,841.36) | 5,589,287 (3,973,271–7,160,215) | 292.54 (208.19,374.2) | –0.95 (–0.97,–0.92) |
| Japan | 210,802 (190,712–222,341) | 137.7 (123.13,145.91) | 193,598 (156,853–218,427) | 40.95 (35.52,44.6) | –2.90 (–3.00,–2.83) |
| South Korea | 68,498 (42,624–79,448) | 284.17 (192.22,332.66) | 66,592 (51,734–107,310) | 75.36 (58.54,119.53) | –3.89 (–4.12,–3.71) |
| China-Taiwan | 55,225 (52,722–57,861) | 404.91 (381.23,424.23) | 84,569 (75,170–91,762) | 198.02 (177.78,214.35) | –4.27 (–4.35,–4.19) |
| North Korea | 68,064 (40,911–97,438) | 504.5 (315.76,705.23) | 142,229 (101,840–187,748) | 465.32 (336.69,611.31) | –0.26 (–0.27,–0.25) |
| Mongolia | 2,744 (1,715–4,033) | 273.93 (170.81,401.72) | 3,505 (2,406–4,943) | 167.89 (114.29,236.21) | –1.58 (–1.74,–1.45) |
[i] AAPC average annual percent change, ASR age-standardized rates, CI confidence interval, DALYs disability-adjusted life years, UI uncertainty interval.
Figure 1
Temporal trends in ASR of HHD in East Asia from 1990 to 2021. (A) Age standardized prevalence rate. (B) Age standardized death rate. (C) Age standardized DALYs rate. HHD, hypertensive heart disease. DALYs, disability-adjusted life-years.
Figure 2
East Asian HHD prevalence cases in 2021, by age and sex. The crude prevalence rates and their 95% uncertainty intervals are shown in the line graphs. The male and female prevalence composition by age group are displayed in pie charts.
Figure 3
(A) DALYs for risk factors at level 1 for each age group. (B) The PAF of DALYs for HHD in East Asia in 2021. (C) AAPC in PAF of DALYs for Non-level 1 Risk Factors for HHD in East Asia from 1990 to 2021. PAF, population attributable fraction. AAPC, average annual percentage changes.