Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Updating, Fast and Slow: Items, but Not Item-Context Bindings, are Quickly Updated Into Working Memory as Part of Response Selection Cover

Updating, Fast and Slow: Items, but Not Item-Context Bindings, are Quickly Updated Into Working Memory as Part of Response Selection

Open Access
|Jan 2023

References

  1. Braver, T. S. (2012). The variable nature of cognitive control: a dual mechanisms framework. Trends in cognitive sciences, 16(2), 106113. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2011.12.010
  2. Braver, T. S., & Cohen, J. D. (2000). On the control of control: The role of dopamine in regulating prefrontal function and working memory. In S. Monsell & J. Drive (Eds.), Control of Cognitive Processes: Attention and Performance Xviii (pp. 713737).
  3. Chatham, C. H., & Badre, D. (2015). Multiple gates on working memory. Current opinion in behavioral sciences, 1, 2331. DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2014.08.001
  4. Chen, H., & Wyble, B. (2015). Amnesia for Object Attributes: Failure to Report Attended Information That Had Just Reached Conscious Awareness. Psychological Science, 26(2), 203210. DOI: 10.1177/0956797614560648
  5. Cowan, N. (1999). An embedded-processes model of working memory. In A. Myake & P. Shah (Eds.), Models of Working Memory: Mechanisms of Active Maintenance and Executive Control, (pp. 32101). Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139174909.006
  6. Draschkow, D., Kallmayer, M., & Nobre, A. C. (2021). When natural behavior engages working memory. Current Biology, 31(4), 869874. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.11.013
  7. D’Ardenne, K., Eshel, N., Luka, J., Lenartowicz, A., Nystrom, L. E., & Cohen, J. D. (2012) Role of prefrontal cortex and the midbrain dopamine system in working memory updating. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 109, 1990019909. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1116727109
  8. Ecker, U. K. H., Lewandowsky, S., & Oberauer, K. (2014). Removal of information from working memory: A specific updating process. Journal of Memory and Language, 74, 7790. DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2013.09.003
  9. Ecker, U. K. H., Lewandowsky, S., Oberauer, K., & Chee, A. E. (2010). The components of working memory updating: an experimental decomposition and individual differences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 36, 170189. DOI: 10.1037/a0017891
  10. Frank, M. J., Loughry, B., & O’Reilly, R. C. (2001). Interactions between frontal cortex and basal ganglia in working memory: a computational model. Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience, 1, 137160. DOI: 10.3758/CABN.1.2.137
  11. Frischkorn, G. T., von Bastian, C. C., Souza, A. S., & Oberauer, K. (2022). Individual differences in updating are not related to reasoning ability and working memory capacity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. DOI: 10.1037/xge0001141
  12. Garavan, H. (1998). Serial attention within working memory. Memory & Cognition, 26, 263276. DOI: 10.3758/BF03201138
  13. Hazy, T. E., Frank, M. J., & O’reilly, R. C. (2007). Towards an executive without a homunculus: computational models of the prefrontal cortex/basal ganglia system. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 362(1485), 16011613. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2055
  14. Kessler, Y. (2018). N-2 repetition leads to a cost within working memory and a benefit outside it. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1424, 268277. DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13607
  15. Kessler, Y., & Meiran, N. (2006). All updateable objects in working memory are updated whenever any of them are modified: Evidence from the memory updating paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 32, 570585. DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.32.3.570
  16. Kessler, Y., & Meiran, N. (2008) Two Dissociable Updating Processes in Working Memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 34, 13391348. DOI: 10.1037/a0013078
  17. Kessler, Y., & Oberauer, K. (2014). Working memory updating latency reflects the cost of switching between maintenance and updating modes of operation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40, 738754. DOI: 10.1037/a0035545
  18. Kessler, Y., & Oberauer, K. (2015). Forward scanning in verbal working memory updating. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22, 17701776. DOI: 10.3758/s13423-015-0853-0
  19. Lange, K., Kühn, S., & Filevich, E. (2015). “Just Another Tool for Online Studies”(JATOS): An easy solution for setup and management of web servers supporting online studies. PLoS one, 10(6), e0130834. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130834
  20. Length, R. V. (2022). emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, aka Least-Squares Means. R package.
  21. Lewis-Peacock, J. A., Kessler, Y., & Oberauer, K. (2018). The removal of information from working memory. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1424, 3344. DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13714
  22. Mathôt, S., Schreij, D., & Theeuwes, J. (2012). OpenSesame: An open-source, graphical experiment builder for the social sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 44(2), 314324. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-011-0168-7
  23. Mayr, U., & Keele, S. W. (2000). Changing internal constraints on action: the role of backward inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129(1), 426. DOI: 10.1037/0096-3445.129.1.4
  24. McNab, F., & Klingberg, T. (2008). Prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia control access to working memory. Nature neuroscience, 11(1), 103107. DOI: 10.1038/nn2024
  25. Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49100. DOI: 10.1006/cogp.1999.0734
  26. Morris, N., & Jones, D. M. (1990). Memory updating in working memory: The role of the central executive. British Journal of Psychology, 81(2), 111121. DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1990.tb02349.x
  27. Nir-Cohen, G., Kessler, Y., & Egner, T. (2020). Neural substrates of working memory updating. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 32(12), 22852302. DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01625
  28. O’Reilly, R. C., Braver, T. S., & Cohen, J. D. (1999). A biologically based computational model of working memory. In A. Myake & P. Shah (Eds.), Models of Working Memory: Mechanisms of Active Maintenance and Executive Control, (pp. 375411). Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139174909.014
  29. Oberauer, K. (2001). Removing irrelevant information from working memory: A cognitive aging study with the modified Sternberg task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 27, 948957. DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.27.4.948
  30. Oberauer, K. (2002). Access to information in working memory: exploring the focus of attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28(3), 411421. DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.28.3.411
  31. Oberauer, K. (2019). Working Memory and Attention – A Conceptual Analysis and Review. Journal of Cognition, 2(1), 36. DOI: 10.5334/joc.58
  32. Oberauer, K., Souza, A. S., Druey, M. D., & Gade, M. (2013). Analogous mechanisms of selection and updating in declarative and procedural working memory: Experiments and a computational model. Cognitive Psychology, 66(2), 157211. DOI: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2012.11.001
  33. Rac-Lubashevsky, R., & Kessler, Y. (2016a). Dissociating controlled and automatic updating in working memory: The reference-back paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 42, 951969. DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000219
  34. Rac-Lubashevsky, R., & Kessler, Y. (2016b). Decomposing the n-back task: An individual differences study using the reference-back paradigm. Neuropsychologia, 90, 190199. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.013
  35. Rac-Lubashevsky, R., & Kessler, Y. (2018). Oscillatory correlates of control over working memory gating and updating: An EEG study using the reference-back paradigm. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20, 113. DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01326
  36. Rac-Lubashevsky, R., Slagter, H. A., & Kessler, Y. (2017). Tracking real-time changes in working memory updating and gating with the event-based eye-blink rate. Scientific reports, 7(1), 19. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02942-3
  37. R Core Team. (2017). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. URL https://www.R-project.org/.
  38. RStudio Team. (2020). RStudio: Integrated Development for R. Boston, MA: RStudio, PBC. URL http://www.rstudio.com/
  39. Singmann, H., Bolker, B., Westfall, J., Aust, F., & Ben-Shachar, M. S. (2021). afex: Analysis of Factorial Experiments. R package version 1.0-1. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=afex
  40. Szmalec, A., Vandierendonck, A., & Kemps, E. (2005). Response selection involves executive control: Evidence from the selective interference paradigm. Memory & Cognition, 33(3), 531541. DOI: 10.3758/BF03193069
  41. Westbrook, A., Kester, D., & Braver, T. S. (2013). What is the subjective cost of cognitive effort? Load, trait, and aging effects revealed by economic preference. PloS one, 8(7), e68210. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068210
  42. Wickham, H. et al., (2019). Welcome to the tidyverse. Journal of Open Source Software, 4(43), 1686. DOI: 10.21105/joss.01686
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.257 | Journal eISSN: 2514-4820
Language: English
Submitted on: Sep 13, 2022
Accepted on: Dec 20, 2022
Published on: Jan 17, 2023
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2023 Yoav Kessler, Nitzan Zilberman, Shalva Kvitelashvili, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.