Sequential Effects on Reaction Time Distributions: Commonalities and Differences Across Paradigms
By: Anne Voormann and Jeff Miller
References
- Allport, A., & Wylie, G. (2000).
Task switching: Positive and negative priming of task-set . In S. Monsell & J. Driver (Eds.), Control of cognitive processes: Attention and performance XVIII (pp. 35–70). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. - Arnold, N. R., Bröder, A., & Bayen, U. J. (2015). Empirical validation of the diffusion model for recognition memory and a comparison of parameter-estimation methods. Psychological Research, 79(5), 882–898. 10.1007/s00426-014-0608-y
- Balota, D. A., & Yap, M. J. (2011). Moving beyond the mean in studies of mental chronometry: The power of response time distributional analyses. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(3), 160–166. 10.1177/0963721411408885
- Bertelson, P. (1963). S-R relationships and reaction time to new versus repeated signals in a serial task. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65, 478–484. 10.1037/h0047742
- Blais, C., Robidoux, S., Risko, E. F., & Besner, D. (2007). Item-specific adaptation and the conflict-monitoring hypothesis: A computational model. Psychological Review, 114(4), 1076–1086. 10.1037/0033-295X.114.4.1076
- Botvinick, M. M., Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Carter, C. S., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). Conflict monitoring and cognitive control. Psychological Review, 108(3), 624–652. 10.1037//0033-295X.108.3.624
- Botvinick, M. M., Cohen, J. D., & Carter, C. S. (2004). Conflict monitoring and anterior cingulate cortex: An update. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(12), 539–546. 10.1016/j.tics.2004.10.003
- Brown, S. D., & Heathcote, A. (2008). The simplest complete model of choice response time: Linear ballistic accumulation. Cognitive Psychology, 57(3), 153–178. 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2007.12.002
- Burnham, B. R. (2018). Selection and response bias as determinants of priming of pop-out search: Revelations from diffusion modeling. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 25(6), 2389–2397. 10.3758/s13423-018-1482-1
- Ceylan, G., & Pascucci, D. (2023). Attractive and repulsive serial dependence: The role of task relevance, the passage of time, and the number of stimuli. Journal of Vision, 23(6). 10.1167/jov.23.6.8
- Cho, R. Y., Nystrom, L. E., Brown, E. T., Jones, A. D., Braver, T. S., Holmes, P. J., & Cohen, J. D. (2002). Mechanisms underlying dependencies of performance on stimulus history in a two-alternative forced-choice task. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 2(4), 283–299. 10.3758/CABN.2.4.283
- De Jong, R., Liang C.-C., & Lauber, E. (1994). Conditional and unconditional automaticity: A dual-process model of effects of spatial stimulus-response correspondence [Publisher: American Psychological Association]. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20(4), 731–750. 10.1037/0096-1523.20.4.731
- Dignath, D., Johannsen, L., Hommel, B., & Kiesel, A. (2019). Reconciling cognitive-control and episodic-retrieval accounts of sequential conflict modulation: Binding of control-states into event-files. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 45(9), 1265–1270. 10.1037/xhp0000673
- Eriksen, B. A., & Eriksen, C. W. (1974). Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task. Perception & Psychophysics, 16(1), 143–149. 10.3758/BF03203267
- Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. 10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
- Fitousi, D., & Azizi, O. (2023). Navon letters and composite faces: Same or different processing mechanisms? Frontiers in Psychology, 14. 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1219821
- Found, A., & Müller, H. J. (1996). Searching for unknown feature targets on more than one dimension: Investigating a “dimension-weighting” account. Perception & Psychophysics, 58(1), 88–101. 10.3758/BF03205479
- Frings, C., Hommel, B., Koch, I., Rothermund, K., Dignath, D., Giesen, C., Kiesel, A., Kunde, W., Mayr, S., Moeller, B., Möller, M., Pfister, R., & Philipp, A. (2020). Binding and retrieval in action control (BRAC). Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 24(5), 375–387. 10.1016/j.tics.2020.02.004
- Gilchrist, W. G. (2000). Statistical modeling with quantile functions. Chapman & Hall/CRC.
- Goldfarb, S., Wong-Lin, K., Schwemmer, M., Leonard, N. E., & Holmes, P. (2012). Can post-error dynamics explain sequential reaction time patterns? [Publisher: Frontiers]. Frontiers in Psychology, 3,
213 . 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00213 - Grasman, R. P., Wagenmakers E.-J., & van der Maas, H. L. (2009). On the mean and variance of response times under the diffusion model with an application to parameter estimation. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 53(2), 55–68. 10.1016/j.jmp.2009.01.006
- Gratton, G., Coles, M. G. H., & Donchin, E. (1992). Optimizing the use of information: Strategic control of activation of responses [Publisher: American Psychological Association]. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 121(4), 480–506. 10.1037/0096-3445.121.4.480
- Hale, D. J. (1967). Sequential effects in a two-choice serial reaction task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 19(2), 133–141. 10.1080/14640746708400082
- Hartmann, R., & Klauer, K. C. (2021). Partial derivatives for the first-passage time distribution in Wiener diffusion models. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 103,
102550 . 10.1016/j.jmp.2021.102550 - Heathcote, A., Popiel, S. J., & Mewhort, D. J. (1991). Analysis of response time distributions: An example using the Stroop task [Publisher: American Psychological Association]. Psychological Bulletin, 109(2), 340–347. 10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.340
- Hohle, R. H. (1965). Inferred components of reaction times as functions of foreperiod duration [Publisher: American Psychological Association]. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 69(4), 382–386. 10.1037/h0021740
- Hommel, B. (1998). Event files: Evidence for automatic integration of stimulus-response episodes. Visual Cognition, 5(1), 183–216. 10.1080/713756773
- Hommel, B. (2004). Event files: Feature binding in and across perception and action. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(11), 494–500. 10.1016/j.tics.2004.08.007
- Huang, L., Holcombe, A. O., & Pashler, H. (2004). Repetition priming in visual search: Episodic retrieval, not feature priming. Memory & Cognition, 32(1), 12–20. 10.3758/BF03195816
- Irwin, F., & Preston, M. (1937). Avoidance of repetition of judgments across sense modalities. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 21, 511–520. 10.1037/h0059977
- Jentzsch, I., & Leuthold, H. (2005). Response conflict determines sequential effects in serial response time tasks with short response-stimulus intervals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31(4), 731–748. 10.1037/0096-1523.31.4.731
- Jersild, A. T. (1927). Mental set and shift. Archives of Psychology, 89.
- Jiang, Y., Rouder, J. N., & Speckman, P. L. (2004). A note on the sampling properties of the Vincentizing (quantile averaging) procedure. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 48, 186–195. 10.1016/j.jmp.2004.01.002
- John, I. D. (1973).
Sequential effects in absolute judgments of loudness without feedback . In S. Kornblum (Ed.), Attention and performance IV. (pp. 313–326). Academic Press. - Jones, M., Curran, T., Mozer, M. C., & Wilder, M. H. (2013). Sequential effects in response time reveal learning mechanisms and event representations [Publisher: American Psychological Association]. Psychological Review, 120(3), 628–666. 10.1037/a0033180
- Kiesel, A., Steinhauser, M., Wendt, M., Falkenstein, M., Jost, K., Philipp, A. M., & Koch, I. (2010). Control and interference in task switching—a review [Place: United States Publisher: American Psychological Association]. Psychological bulletin, 136(5), 849–874. 10.1037/a0019842
- Klauer, K. C., Voss, A., Schmitz, F., & Teige-Mocigemba, S. (2007). Process components of the implicit association test: A diffusion-model analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(3), 353–368. 10.1037/0022-3514.93.3.353
- Kornblum, S. (1973).
Sequential effects in choice reaction time: A tutorial review . In S. Kornblum (Ed.), Attention and performance IV. (pp. 259–288). Academic Press. - Krummenacher, J., & Müller, H. J. (2012). Dynamic weighting of feature dimensions in visual search: Behavioral and psychophysiological evidence. Frontiers in Psychology, 3,
221 . 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00221 - Kunde, W., & Wühr, P. (2006). Sequential modulations of correspondence effects across spatial dimensions and tasks. Memory & Cognition, 34(2), 356–367. 10.3758/BF03193413
- Luce, R. D. (1986). Response times their role in inferring elementary mental organization. Oxford Univ. Pr. [u.a.].
- Maljkovic, V., & Nakayama, K. (1994). Priming of pop-out: I. Role of features. Memory & Cognition, 22(6), 657–672. 10.3758/BF03209251
- Matzke, D., & Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2009). Psychological interpretation of the ex-Gaussian and shifted Wald parameters: A diffusion model analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(5), 798–817. 10.3758/PBR.16.5.798
- Mayr, U., Awh, E., & Laurey, P. (2003). Conflict adaptation effects in the absence of executive control. Nature Neuroscience, 6(5), 450–452. 10.1038/nn1051
- Mayr, U., & Kliegl, R. (2003). Differential effects of cue changes and task changes on task-set selection costs. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 29(3), 362–372. 10.1037/0278-7393.29.3.362
- McClelland, J. L. (1979). On the time relations of mental processes: An examination of systems of processes in cascade [Publisher: American Psychological Association]. Psychological Review, 86(4), 287–330. 10.1037/0033-295X.86.4.287
- Miller, J. (2021). Percentile rank pooling: A simple nonparametric method for comparing group reaction time distributions with few trials. Behavior Research Methods, 53(2), 781–791. 10.3758/s13428-020-01466-5
- Miller, J., & Ulrich, R. (2003). Simple reaction time and statistical facilitation: A parallel grains model. Cognitive Psychology, 46(2), 101–151. 10.1016/S0010-0285(02)00517-0
- Müller, H. J., Heller, D., & Ziegler, J. (1995). Visual search for singleton feature targets within and across feature dimensions. Perception & Psychophysics, 57(1), 1–17. 10.3758/BF03211845
- Neumann, O., & Klotz, W. (1994).
Motor responses to nonreportable, masked stimuli: Where is the limit of direct parameter specification? In C. Umiltà & M. Moscovitch (Eds.), Attention and performance 15: Conscious and nonconscious information processing (pp. 123–150, Vol. 15). The MIT Press. - R Core Team. (2016). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Wien, Australien, R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
- Rabbitt, P. M. A., Cumming, G. D., & Vyas, S. M. (1977).
An analysis of visual search: Entropy and sequential effects . In S. Dornič (Ed.), Attention and performance VI. (pp. 363–386). Lawrence Erlbaum. - Rabbitt, P. M. A., & Vyas, S. M. (1979). Signal recency effects can be distinguished from signal repetition effects in serial CRT tasks. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 33, 88–95. 10.1037/h0081708
- Ratcliff, R. (1978). A theory of memory retrieval. Psychological Review, 85(2), 59–108. 10.1037/0033-295X.85.2.59
- Ratcliff, R. (1979). Group reaction time distributions and an analysis of distribution statistics [Publisher: American Psychological Association]. Psychological Bulletin, 86(3), 446–461. 10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.446
- Ratcliff, R. (2008). The EZ diffusion method: Too EZ? Psychonomic bulletin & review, 15(6), 1218–1228. 10.3758/PBR.15.6.1218
- Ratcliff, R. (2014). Measuring psychometric functions with the diffusion model [Publisher: American Psychological Association]. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 40(2), 870–888. 10.1037/a0034954
- Ratcliff, R., & McKoon, G. (2008). The diffusion decision model: Theory and data for two-choice decision tasks [Publisher: MIT Press]. Neural Computation, 20(4), 873–922. 10.1162/neco.2008.12-06-420
- Ratcliff, R., & Murdock, B. B. (1976). Retrieval processes in recognition memory. Psychological Review, 83(3), 190–214. 10.1037/0033-295X.83.3.190
- Ratcliff, R., Smith, P. L., & McKoon, G. (2015). Modeling regularities in response time and accuracy data with the diffusion model. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(6), 458–470. 10.1177/0963721415596228
- Ratcliff, R., & Tuerlinckx, F. (2002). Estimating parameters of the diffusion model: Approaches to dealing with contaminant reaction times and parameter variability. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9(3), 438–481. 10.3758/BF03196302
- Rieger, T., & Miller, J. (2020). Are model parameters linked to processing stages? An empirical investigation for the ex-Gaussian, ex-Wald, and EZ diffusion models. Psychological Research, 84(6), 1683–1699. 10.1007/s00426-019-01176-4
- Rogers, R. D., & Monsell, S. (1995). Costs of a predictible switch between simple cognitive tasks [Publisher: American Psychological Association]. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124(2), 207–231. 10.1037/0096-3445.124.2.207
- Rouder, J. N., & Speckman, P. L. (2004). An evaluation of the Vincentizing method of forming group-level response time distributions. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11(3), 419–427. 10.3758/BF03196589
- Schmidt, J. R. (2013). Questioning conflict adaptation: Proportion congruent and Gratton effects reconsidered. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 20(4), 615–630. 10.3758/s13423-012-0373-0
- Schmidt, J. R., & De Houwer, J. (2011). Now you see it, now you don’t: Controlling for contingencies and stimulus repetitions eliminates the Gratton effect. Acta Psychologica, 138(1), 176–186. 10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.06.002
- Schmitz, F., & Voss, A. (2012). Decomposing task-switching costs with the diffusion model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38(1), 222–250. 10.1037/a0026003
- Schmitz, F., & Voss, A. (2014). Components of task switching: A closer look at task switching and cue switching. Acta Psychologica, 151, 184–196. 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.06.009
- Schwarz, W. (1993). A diffusion model of early visual search: Theoretical analysis and experimental results. Psychological Research, 55(3), 200–207. 10.1007/BF00419607
- Simon, J. R. (1969). Reactions toward the source of stimulation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81(1), 174–176. 10.1037/h0027448
- Soetens, E., Boer, L. C., & Hueting, J. E. (1985). Expectancy or automatic facilitation? separating sequential effects in two-choice reaction time [Publisher: American Psychological Association]. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 11(5), 598–616. 10.1037/0096-1523.11.5.598
- Soetens, E., Deboeck, M., & Hueting, J. (1984). Automatic aftereffects in two-choice reaction time: A mathematical representation of some concepts [Publisher: American Psychological Association]. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10(4), 581–598. 10.1037/0096-1523.10.4.581
- Spieler, D. H., Balota, D. A., & Faust, M. E. (2000). Levels of selective attention revealed through analyses of response time distributions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 26(2), 506–526. 10.1037/0096-1523.26.2.506
- Sternberg, S. (2023). Combining reaction-time distributions to conserve shape. Behavior Research Methods, in press. 10.3758/s13428-023-02084-7
- Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions [Publisher: Psychological Review Company]. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(6), 643–662. 10.1037/h0054651
- Theeuwes, J. (1993). Visual selective attention: A theoretical analysis. Acta Psychologica, 83(2), 93–154. 10.1016/0001-6918(93)90042-P
- Theeuwes, J. (2010). Top–down and bottom–up control of visual selection. Acta Psychologica, 135(2), 77–99. 10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.02.006
- Thomas, E. A. C., & Ross, B. H. (1980). On appropriate procedures for combining probability distributions within the same family. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 21(2), 136–152. 10.1016/0022-2496(80)90003-6
- Ulrich, R., Miller, J., & Schröter, H. (2007). Testing the race model inequality: An algorithm and computer programs. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 291–302. 10.3758/BF03193160
- Ulrich, R., Schröter, H., Leuthold, H., & Birngruber, T. (2015). Automatic and controlled stimulus processing in conflict tasks: Superimposed diffusion processes and delta functions. Cognitive Psychology, 78, 148–174. 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2015.02.005
- Usher, M., & McClelland, J. L. (2001). The time course of perceptual choice: The leaky, competing accumulator model. Psychological Review, 108(3), 550–592. 10.1037/0033-295X.108.3.550
- van Ravenzwaaij, D., & Oberauer, K. (2009). How to use the diffusion model: Parameter recovery of three methods: EZ, fast-dm, and DMAT. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 53(6), 463–473. 10.1016/j.jmp.2009.09.004
- Van Zandt, T. (2002).
Analysis of response time distributions . In J. T. Wixted & H. E. Pashler (Eds.), Stevens’ Handbook of Experimental Psychology (3rd Edition), Volume 4: Methodology in Experimental Psychology. (pp. 461–516). Wiley. - Van Zandt, T. (2000). ROC curves and confidence judgments in recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26(3), 582–600. 10.1037/0278-7393.26.3.582
- Vincent, S. B. (1912). The function of the viborissae in the behavior of the white rat. Behavioral Monographs, 1(5).
- Voss, A., Rothermund, K., & Voss, J. (2004). Interpreting the parameters of the diffusion model: An empirical validation. Memory & Cognition, 32(7), 1206–1220. 10.3758/BF03196893
- Wagenmakers, E.-J., Maas, H. L. J. V. D., & Grasman, R. P. P. P. (2007). An EZ-diffusion model for response time and accuracy. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14(1), 3–22. 10.3758/BF03194023
- Wagenmakers, E.-J., van der Maas, H. L. J., Dolan, C. V., & Grasman, R. P. P. P. (2008). EZ does it! Extensions of the EZ-diffusion model. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15(6), 1229–1235. 10.3758/PBR.15.6.1229
- Whelan, R. (2008). Effective analysis of reaction time data. The Psychological Record, 58(3), 475–482. 10.1007/BF03395630
- Wolfe, J. M. (1994). Guided search 2.0 a revised model of visual search. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1(2), 202–238. 10.3758/BF03200774
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.395 | Journal eISSN: 2514-4820
Language: English
Submitted on: Dec 21, 2023
Accepted on: Aug 17, 2024
Published on: Sep 3, 2024
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
© 2024 Anne Voormann, Jeff Miller, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.