Figure 1
The Experimental Setup and Design.
Note. Panel A provides an example of the setup for a dyad of two participants. The participant on the right responds with their right hand, and the participant on the left with their left hand. Panel B represents an example of the same and switch transition types between blocks 2 and 3, which were counterbalanced across participants. Same Transition, the transition between blocks 2 and 3 entails the same manipulated proportion congruency for the manipulated participant in block 2 (90%) and the neutral participant becoming the manipulated one in block 3 (i.e., 90%). Switch Transition, the transition between blocks 2 and 3 entails a different manipulated proportion congruency for the manipulated participant in block 2 (90%) and the neutral participant becoming the manipulated one in block 3 (10%). L. Participant, is the left participant who is initially manipulated and transitions to becoming the neutral one in blocks 3 and 4. R. Participant, is the right participant who is initially the neutral one that transitions to becoming the manipulated one in blocks 3 and 4. The order of either the left or right participants starting as the neutral or manipulated one was also counterbalanced across participants. Panel C marks the point in the sequence of blocks of trials where a carry-over effect could occur (i.e., between blocks 2 and 3), where the mental effort exerted by the manipulated participant in block 2 might carry over to block 3 when that participant becomes the neutral one.
Figure 2
RTs on (In)Congruent Trials of the Neutral and Manipulated Participants Depending on Difficulty of the Condition of the manipulated participant.
Note. RT, reaction time; Easy block, block where the manipulated participant received 90% congruent trials; Difficult block, block where the manipulated participant received 10% congruent trials; left graph are the RTs on the (in)congruent trials of the neutral participants depending on the difficulty of the condition of the manipulated participants; right graph are the RTs on the (in)congruent trials of the manipulated participants depending on the difficulty of the condition they performed; Dots are the participants’ median RTs depending on the levels of congruency within each block type; lines on top of the bars are the 95% confidence intervals.
Figure 3
RTs on (In)Congruent Trials of the Neutral and Manipulated Participants for the Switch Transition Type.
Note. RT, reaction time; Easy block, block where the manipulated participant has 90% congruent trials; Difficult block, block where the manipulated participant has 10% congruent trials; left graph are the reaction times on the (in)congruent trials of the neutral participants depending on the difficulty of the condition of the manipulated participants; right graph are the reaction times on the (in)congruent trials of the manipulated participants depending on the difficulty of the condition they performed; Dots are the participants’ median RTs depending on the levels of congruency within each block type; lines on top of the bars are the 95% confidence intervals.
Figure 4
RTs on (In)Congruent Trials of the Neutral and Manipulated Participants Depending on the Difficulty of the Condition.
Note. RT, reaction time; Easy block, block where the manipulated participant has 90% congruent trials; Difficult block, block where the manipulated participant has 10% congruent trials; left graph are the reaction times on the (in)congruent trials of the neutral participants depending on the difficulty of the condition of the manipulated participants; right graph are the reaction times on the (in)congruent trials of the manipulated participants depending on the difficulty of the condition they performed; Dots are the participants’ median RTs depending on the levels of congruency within each block type; lines on top of the bars are the 95% confidence intervals.
Figure 5
Error Rates on (In)Congruent Trials of the Neutral and Manipulated Participants Depending on the Difficulty of the Condition.
Note. Error rates are expressed as the average percentage of error rates; Easy block, block where the manipulated participant has 90% congruent trials; Difficult block, block where the manipulated participant has 10% congruent trials; left graph are the average percentages of error rates on the (in)congruent trials of the neutral participants depending on the difficulty of the condition of the manipulated participants; right graph are the average percentages of error rates on the (in)congruent trials of the manipulated participants depending on the difficulty of the condition they performed; lines on top of the bars are the 95% confidence intervals.