Dissociations between Learning Phenomena do Not Necessitate Multiple Learning Processes: Mere Instructions about Upcoming Stimulus Presentations Differentially Influence Liking and Expectancy
References
- Baeyens, F., Eelen, P., & Van den Bergh, O. (1990). Contingency awareness in evaluative conditioning: A case for unaware affective-evaluative learning. Cognition & Emotion, 4, 3–18. DOI: 10.1080/02699939008406760
- Baeyens, F., Eelen, P., Van den Bergh, O., & Crombez, G. (1992). The content of learning in human EC: Acquired valence is sensitive to US-revaluation. Learning and Motivation, 23, 200–224. DOI: 10.1016/0023-9690(92)90018-H
- Baeyens, F., Hermans, D., & Eelen, P. (1993). The role of CS-US contingency in human evaluative conditioning. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 731–737. DOI: 10.1016/0005-7967(93)90003-D
- Cook, S. W., & Harris, R. E. (1937). The verbal conditioning of the galvanic skin reflex. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 21, 202–210. DOI: 10.1037/h0063197
- Corneille, O., & Stahl, C. (in press). Associative attitude learning: A closer look at evidence and how it relates to attitude models. Personality and Social Psychology Review. DOI: 10.1177/1088868318763261
- De Houwer, J. (2007). A conceptual and theoretical analysis of evaluative conditioning. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 10, 230–241. DOI: 10.1017/S1138741600006491
- De Houwer, J. (2009). The propositional approach to associative learning as an alternative for association formation models. Learning & Behavior, 37, 1–20. DOI: 10.3758/LB.37.1.1
- De Houwer, J. (2018). Propositional models of evaluative conditioning. Social Psychological Bulletin, 13(3), Article
e28046 . DOI: 10.5964/spb.v13i3.28046 - De Houwer, J., Heider, N., Spruyt, A., Roets, A., & Hughes, S. (2015). The Relational Responding Task: Toward a new implicit measure of beliefs. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 319. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00319
- De Houwer, J., & Vandorpe, S. (2010). Using the Implicit Association Test as a measure of causal learning does not eliminate effects of rule learning. Experimental Psychology, 57, 61–67. DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000008
- Dunn, J., & Kirsner, K. (2003). What can we infer from double dissociations. Cortex, 39, 1–7. DOI: 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70070-4
- Fazio, R. H. (2007). Attitudes as object-evaluation associations of varying strength. Social Cognition, 25, 603–637. DOI: 10.1521/soco.2007.25.5.603
- Field, A. P. (2006). Is conditioning a useful framework for understanding the development and treatment of phobias? Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 857–875. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2005.05.010
- Gast, A., & De Houwer, J. (2013). The influence of extinction and counterconditioning instructions on evaluative conditioning effects. Learning and Motivation, 44, 312–325. DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2013.03.003
- Gawronski, B., Gast, A., & De Houwer, J. (2015). Is evaluative conditioning really resistant to extinction? Evidence for changes in evaluative judgments without changes in evaluative representations. Cognition & Emotion, 29, 816–830. DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2014.947919
- Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464–1480. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464
- Greenwald, A. G., Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2003). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 197–216. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.197
- Halbeisen, G., & Walther, E. (2016). Evaluative Conditioning is Sensitive to the Encoding of CS-US Contingencies. Social Cognition, 34, 462–479. DOI: 10.1521/soco.2016.34.5.462
- Hermans, D., Vansteenwegen, D., Crombez, G., Baeyens, F., & Eelen, P. (2002). Expectancy- learning and evaluative learning in human classical conditioning: Affective priming as an indirect and unobtrusive measure of conditioned stimulus valence. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 217–234. DOI: 10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00006-7
- Hofmann, W., De Houwer, J., Perugini, M., Baeyens, F., & Crombez, G. (2010). Evaluative conditioning in humans: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 390–421. DOI: 10.1037/a0018916
- Hu, X., Gawronski, B., & Balas, R. (2017). Propositional versus dual-process accounts of evaluative conditioning: II. The effectiveness of counter-conditioning and counter-instructions in changing implicit and explicit evaluations. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8, 858–866. DOI: 10.1177/1948550617691094
- Kattner, F. (2014). Reconsidering the (in)sensitivity of evaluative conditioning to reinforcement density and CS-US contingency. Learning and Motivation, 45, 15–29. DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2013.09.002
- Kurdi, B., & Banaji, M. R. (2017). Repeated evaluative pairings and evaluative statements: How effectively do they shift implicit attitudes? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 146, 194–213. DOI: 10.1037/xge0000239
- Mertens, G., Boddez, Y., Sevenster, D., Engelhard, I. M., & De Houwer, J. (2018). A review on the effects of verbal instructions in human fear conditioning: Empirical findings, theoretical considerations, and future directions. Biological Psychology, 137, 49–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.07.002
- Mitchell, C. J., De Houwer, J., & Lovibond, P. F. (2009). The propositional nature of human associative learning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32, 183–198. DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X09000855
- Pleyers, G., Corneille, O., Luminet, O., & Yzerbyt, V. (2007). Aware and (dis)liking: Item-based analyses reveal that valence acquisition via EC emerges only when there is contingency awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition, 33, 130–144. DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.33.1.130
- Rescorla, R. A. (1966). Predictability and number of pairings in Pavlovian fear conditioning. Psychonomic Science, 4, 383–384. DOI: 10.3758/BF03342350
- Rouder, J. N., Speckman, P. L., Sun, D., Morey, R. D., & Iverson, G. (2009). Bayesian t tests for accepting and rejecting the null hypothesis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16, 225–237. DOI: 10.3758/PBR.16.2.225
- Sweldens, S., Van Osselaer, S., & Janiszewski, C. (2010). Evaluative conditioning procedures and the resilience of conditioned brand attitudes. Journal of Consumer Research, 37, 473–489. DOI: 10.1086/653656
- Van Dessel, P., Hughes, S., & De Houwer, J. (in press). How do actions influence attitudes? An inferential account of the impact of action performance on stimulus evaluation. Personality and Social Psychology Review. DOI: 10.1177/1088868318795730
- Vansteenwegen, D., Francken, G., Vervliet, B., De Clercq, A., & Eelen, P. (2006). Resistance to extinction in evaluative conditioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 32, 71–79. DOI: 10.1037/0097-7403.32.1.71
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.59 | Journal eISSN: 2514-4820
Language: English
Submitted on: Jul 9, 2018
Accepted on: Feb 16, 2019
Published on: Mar 1, 2019
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
© 2019 Jan De Houwer, Simone Mattavelli, Pieter Van Dessel, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.